Normal, abnormal and emergency procedures

NORMAL, ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

The airline procedures are divided into three parts called " normal ", " abnormal ", and " emergency ".

Normal operations are just that, routine procedures to be followed such as flap settings, when to use external lighting, inspection of airplane and equipment, engine starting, taxiing, take-off, climb, descent, altimeter setting, monitoring of flight progress, observation of weather conditions, diversion to alternate destination, ice protection procedures, etc.

Emergency situations are those in which the safety of the aircraft or of persons on board or on the ground is endangered for any reason.

Abnormal situations are those in which it is no longer possible to continue the flight using normal procedures but the safety of the aircraft or persons on board or on the ground is not in danger. They may be foreign to the general aviation pilot. They include things like minor electrical problems or failure of a component for which there is a backup component.

Many accidents have been caused by minor problems that have been allowed to escalate, often because the pilot devoted too much attention to solving the problem and not attention to flying the airplane. Still other accidents have been caused by the pilot making false assumptions about the nature of a problem or about its consequences.

Emergency or abnormal situations may develop as a result of one or more factors within or outside an aircraft, for example: fire on board the aircraft; aircraft component failure or malfunction (e.g. engine failure, landing gear malfunction or loss of pressurization); shortage of fuel (or other essential consumable substance); flight crew uncertain of position; worsening weather; pilot incapacitation (e.g. as a result of illness); aircraft damage (e.g. as a result of collision, bird strike or extreme weather; illegal activity (e.g. bomb-threat, willful damage or hi-jacking).

An emergency or abnormal situation may result in it being impossible to continue the flight to destination as planned, resulting in one or more of the following outcomes: loss of altitude; diversion to a nearby aerodrome; forced landing.

Handling Emergency or Abnormal Situations: the operator shall provide operations staff and flight crew with an aircraft operating manual, for each aircraft type operated, containing the normal, abnormal and emergency procedures relating to the operation of the aircraft. Written guidance on aircraft indicates the steps to be undertaken by the crew to give the best chance for a successful recovery or with the least loss of life.

Here are some of the abnormal and emergency procedures prescribed by the operating manuals: rejected take-off; simulated engine failure between V₁ & V₂; simulated engine failure after take-off; simulated engine failure; shutdown and restart at safe height; asymmetric approach; go-around with engine(s) (simulated) inoperative; landing with engine(s) (simulated) inoperative; forced landing; precautionary landing; wind shear during take-off & landing.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-04