АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
ю. голицынский
ГРАММАТИКА
СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
ИЗДАНИЕ СЕДЬМОЕ
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КЙРО
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК для школьников
Ю. ГОЛИЦЫНСКИЙ Н. ГОЛИЦЫНСКАЯ
ГРАММАТИКА
СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВО СшкгЛвтербург |
ИЗДАНИЕ СЕДЬМОЕ, ИСПРАВЛЕННОЕ И ДОПОЛНЕННОЕ
УДК 372.167.1: 811.111 ББК81.2Англ-922 Г 60
Авторы: Ю. Б. Голицынский, Н. А. Голицынская (исправления и дополнения)
Голицынский Ю. Б.
Г 60 Грамматика: Сборник упражнений.— 7-е изд., испр. и доп. —СПб.:КАРО, 2011.— 576с— (Серия «Английский язык для школьников»).
ISBN 978-5-9925-0545-0.
Сборник упражнений по всем разделам английской грамматики. Упражнения основаны на несложной лексике. Они содержат достаточно материала для запоминания основных грамматических форм и выработки навыков их применения. Дополнен теоретическим материалом и словарем.
Предназначен для учащихся V—IX классов базовых школ и школ с углубленным изучением английского языка.
УДК 372.167.1:811.111 ББК81.2Англ-922
Все права защищены.
Никакая часть данной книги не может переиздаваться или распространяться в любой форме и любыми средствами, электронными или механическими, включая фотокопирование, звукозапись, любые запоминающие устройства и системы поиска информации, без письменного разрешения правообладателя.
Любые попытки нарушения закона будут преследоваться в судебном порядке.
ISBN 978-5-9925-0545-0
©KAPO, 2011
Все права защищены
Предисловие
Предлагаемый сборник содержит грамматические упражнения по основным темам грамматики английского языка: артикль, существительное, неопределенные местоимения some, апу, по и их производные, местоимения much, тапу, (а) little, (а) feto, степени сравнения прилагательных, предлоги, употребление времен, страдательный залог, согласование времен и косвенная речь, неличные формы глагола, сложное дополнение, сложное подлежащее, условные предложения и употребление сослагательного наклонения после I wish, модальные глаголы.
Настоящее, седьмое издание сборника подверглось переработке, в процессе которой были сделаны необходимые исправления и дополнения.
В данном учебном пособии предложен новый интересный материал:
1) о прошедших Олимпийских играх в Пекине и Ванку-
вере;
2) о предстоящих Олимпийских играх в Лондоне и Сочи;
3) о финансовом кризисе в 2007-2010 гг.;
4) о развитии экономики в Китае и Индии;
5) о глобальном потеплении. Включены такие тексты, как:
1) «Барак Обама — 44-й президент США»;
2) «Премьер-министр Соединенного Королевства Джеймс
Гордон Браун» (2007-2010 гг.);
3) «1150-летие Господина Великого Новгорода».
Изучение этого материала дает возможность познакомиться с политической и экономической лексикой английского языка. Упражнения, представляющие собой связные тексты, можно также использовать и для развития навыков устной речи. После выполнения задания по грамматике все связные тексты могут использоваться в различных вопросно-ответных упражнениях, пересказах, беседах и т. п.
Сборник завершается контрольными упражнениями, позволяющими проверить правильность усвоения учащимися применения артиклей, употребления времен в активном и пассивном залогах, герундия, причастия и модальных гда-голов.
Для некоторых грамматических явлений в сборнике приведены примечания, в которых указана ссылка на: 1) пособие по грамматике английского языка: Raymond Murphy "Essential Grammar in Use"; 2) словарь "Cambridge International Dictionary of English".
Кроме того, расширен и выверен словарь, исправлены орфография и транскрипция. Изменения, внесенные в словарь сборника, выполнены в соответствии с орфографией и транскрипцией словаря Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture. — Longman Group UK Limited, 1992. Англо-русский и русско-английский словарь сборника помещен в конце книги, причем он включает все слова, имеющиеся в упражнениях, благодаря чему у ученика не будет необходимости обращаться к большому словарю в поисках незнакомых слов, что облегчит ему работу и сократит время на выполнение упражнений. Перед словарем приведены таблицы с фонетическими символами, используемыми в транскрипции английских слов.
Сборник предназначен для учащихся средних школ, независимо от их профиля, а также может быть использован при работе со взрослыми. При существующем в настоящее время большом разнообразии учебных программ и учебников не представляется целесообразным согласовывать лексический и грамматический материал с каким-нибудь определенным учебником. В пределах каждого раздела сборника упражнения расположены по мере возрастания трудностей, что дает возможность учителю подбирать упражнения в соответствии с языковым уровнем учащихся.
Все упражнения сборника снабжены ключами, которые изданы отдельной книгой. Наличие ключей позволит использовать данный сборник упражнений в качестве пособия.-для самостоятельной работы.
Из собственного многолетнего опыта преподавательской работы авторы сборника знают, что количество грамматических упражнений, предлагаемых любым учебником, недостаточно, а учитель всегда испытывает потребность в дополнительных упражнениях. Поэтому предлагаемый сборник упражнений может оказаться уместным и полезным для работы по любому учебнику и с любой аудиторией.
Авторы
АРТИКЛЬ
Запомните следующие правила: Перед каждым нарицательным существительным должен стоять артикль.
Если вы не употребляете перед существительным артикль, вы должны уметь объяснить, почему.
Артикль не употребляется, если перед существительным стоит притяжательное или указательное местоимение, другое существительное в притяжательном падеже, количественное числительное или отрицание по (не not!).
Упражнение 1
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. This is... реп. That is... pencil. 2. This is... book. It is my... book. 3. Is this your... pencil? — No, it isn't my... pencil, it is my sister's... pencil. 4.1 have... sister. My... sister is... engineer. My sister's... husband is... doctor. They have got two... children. 5. This is... girl. This... girl is their... daughter. Their daughter's... name is Vera. 6. That is... boy. That... boy is her... brother. Her brother's... name is Nick. 7. This is our... flat. 8. We have got... car. Our... car is not very expensive but reliable. 9.1 have по... pet. 10. My granny has got... headache. She has по... idea what to do. 11.1 have... friend. His... name is Mike. My... friend is very good. 12. It's... cat. Its... tail is long and bushy. It's Mike's... cat.
Упражнение 2
Вбтавъте артикль, где необходимо.
1. When is your... birthday? — My... birthday is (on) Ist May. 2. Do you remember your mother's... birthday? — Yes, I do. 3. His... uncle is generous and her... aunt is very kind. 4. That... man is very clever. His... book is recognized by a lot of people. 5. They know our... address..6. Their... son speaks English very well. 7. My cousin's... dog is smalU Its... hair is curly. 8. Is this... watch? No, it ish't... watch, it's... pen. 9. This... pen is good, and that... pen is bad. 10. I can see... pencil on your... table, but I can see no... paper. ll.Give me... chair, please. 12. They have... dog and two... cats. 13. I have... spoon in my... soup plate, but I have no... soup in it. 14. My... friend says he is going to be... mil-lionaire one... day. lö.Would you like... orange? 16. Mr Smith is... artist. Mrs Smith is... poetess. She is not... singer.
Упоминая предмет впервые, мы употребляем перед ним неопределенный артикль а (an). Упоминая этот же предмет вторично, мы ставим перед ним определенный артикль the.
• Е.д. This is а book. The book is interesting.
Упражнение 3
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. Не hasn't got... саг. But he's got... Computer.... Computer is new. 2. His... friends have got... cat and... dog.... dog never bites... cat. 3. This is... tree.... tree is green. 4. I can see three... boys....boys are playing. 5. I have... bicycle.... bicycle is black. My... friend has no... bicycle. 6. Our... room is large. 7. We wrote... dictation yesterday.... dicta-tion was long. 8. She has two... daughters and one... son. Her... son is... pupil. 9. Last year I gave my... mother... bracelet for her... birthday. She liked... bracelet. 10. My... brother's... friend has no... dog. 11. This... pencll is broken. Give me that... pencil, please. 12. She has... ball.... ball is... big. 13.1 got... letter from my... friend yesterday.... let-ter was interesting. 14. When they were in Geneva, they stayed at... hotel. Sometimes they had dinner at... hotel and sometimes in... restaurant. 15. I've got... idea. 16. What... surprise! Our... parents gave us... DVD player for Christmas.
Неопределенный артикль a (an) может употребляться только с исчисляемыми существительными, стоящими в единственном числе. Перед неисчисляемыми существительными или существительными во множественном числе неопределенный артикль опускается. Определенный артикль the употребляется как с исчисляемыми, так и с неисчисляемыми существительными, как с единственным, так и со множественным числом.
• Е.д. This Is а book. The book is interesting.
исчисляемое в единственном числе This is £ meat. The meat is fresh. неисчисляемое
These are £ books. The books are good.
множественное число.
Упражнение 4
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. This is... реп.... реп is red. 2. These are pen-cils.... pencils are black. 3. This is... soup.... soup is so tasty. 4. In the morning I eat... sandwich and drink... tea. 5. She gave me... coffee and... cake.
... coffee was hot.... саке was very tasty. 6. Do you like... ice cream? 7. I see... book in yojir... hand. Is... book interesting? 8. Do you need... camera? 9. He never eats... meat, he always eats... vegeta-bles,... cereals,... seeds,... fruit, and... nuts. He is... vegetarian. 10. This is... pineapple.... pineapple is delicious. 11. Elaine,... apples are good for you!
My... cousin is üpset. He's got... sore throat.
This is... cottage cheese.... cottage cheese is fresh. 14. She bought... meat,... butter and... potatoes yesterday. She also bought... cake.... cake was... delicious. We ate... cake and drank... tea. 15. This is my... table. On... table I have... books, two... pencils,... pen and... paper. 16. This is... bag.... bag is brown. It is my sister's... bag. And this is my... bag. It is... yellow.
Запомните следующие словосочетания, в которых артикль не употребляется:
at £ school at ✓ home at work
Упражнение 5
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. I have two... sisters. My... sisters are... stu-dents. 2. We are at... home. 3. My... brother is not at... home, he is at... school. 4. My... mother is at... work. She is... doctor. 5. I am not... doctor. 6. He has no... sister. 7. He is not... pilot. 8. I have thirty-two... teeth. 9. He has... child. 10. She has two... children. Her children are at... school.
Is your father at... home? — No, he is at... work.
Where is your... brother? — He is at... home.
Если перед существительным употребляется прилагательное, оно стоит между артиклем и существительным.
• E.g. This is а book. This is a good book.
Упражнение 6.
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. We have... large... family. 2. My granny of-ten teils us... long... intereeting... stories. 3. My... father is... engineer. He works in... factory.... factory is large. 4. My... mother is... doctor. She works at... large... hospital. She is at... work nöw. 5. My... aunt is... teacher. She works at... school.... school is good. My... aunt is not at... school now. She is at... home. She is drinking... tea and eating... jam.... jam is sweet. I am at... home, too. I am drinking... tea and eating... sandwich.... sandwich is tasty. 6.My sister is at... school. She is... pupil. 7. My cousin has... big... black... cat. My cousin's... cat has two... kittens.... cat likes... milk.... kittens like... milk, too. 8. I am... engineer. 9. My... son is... pupil. 10. He is... good... pupil. 11. This is... house. 12. This is my... laptop. 13. You have some... pencils, but I have no... pencil. Give me... pencil, please. 14. It's... small... animal that has... long... ears,... short... tail, and... soft... hair.
Часто, даже упоминая предмет впервые, мы, тем не менее, употребляем перед ним определенный артикль:
а) если упоминаемый предмет является единственным в мире:
• E.g. The sun is shining brightiy.
. б) если этот предмет является определенным по ситуации:
• E.g. Put the book on the table.
Упражнение 7
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. What's... weather like today? —... weather is fine. 2.... sun is yellow. 3.... sky is grey today. 4.... Earth is... planet. 5. We had... English lesson yesterday.... teacher asked me many... questions.... questions were difficult. 6. Where is your... brother? — He is at... home. He is in his... room. He is sitting at... table. He is doing his... homework.... homework is difficult. 7. Our... cat is sitting on.;. sofa. 8. It is very dark in... room. Turn on... light, please. 9. Nick went into... bathroom, turned on... water and washed his... hands. 10. Ann turned on... television to watch... evening news. 11. She doesn't often watch... television. 12. You can't see... moon in... sky tonight.
Упражнение 8
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. This is... good... book. Take... book from... table. Put this... book in... bookcase. 2.... weather is fine today.... sky is blue.... sun is shining brightly in... blue... sky. 3. This is... boy.... boy is at... school. He is... pupil. This... boy is my... brother's... friend. He has... cat, but he has no... dog. He likes his... cat. He gives... cat... milk every day. 4. Yesterday I received... letter from my... friend.... letter was important. 5. We live in... big house. Ilike... house very much. 6. Are you... worker? — No, I am... student. 7. I like your... beautiful... flower. Give me... flower, please. 8. My... mother is at... home. She is reading... marvellous... story. 9. My... father is not at... home. He is at... work. He is not... lawyer. He is... doctor. He is... good... doctor. He works at... hospital.... hospital is large. 10. That is
... book.... book is thick. That... book isn't thin. This is... interesting thick book. 11. Those are... books.... books are new and old. Those are... new and old books. Those... books are interesting.
Кроме того, существует огромное количество так называемых устойчивых словосочетаний, в которых артикль употребляется или отсутствует традиционно. Эти слово-^. сочетания приходится заучивать наизусть.
Запомните следующие конструкции:
There is а.... Where is the...?
Запомните также следующие предложения:
The (book) is on the (table). • Ho: The (book) is on a little (table)1.
Упражнение 9
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. There is... big tree in... garden. 2. There is... bank near here. — Where is... bank? 3. There is... new supermarket in... centre of our... town.
1 Существительное, стоящее в скобках, может быть любым. Прилагательное также может быть любым. Вместо предлога оп может быть любой другой предлог или заменяющее его словосочетание, напр. in front of. |
There is... hotel over there.... hotel isn't cheap.
Where is... cat? —... cat is on... sofa. 6. Where is... book? —... book is on... shelf. 7. Where are... flowers? —... flowers are in... beautiful vase. 8. Where is... vase? —... vase is on... little table near... window. 9. Open... window, please....
weather is fine today. I сап see... sun in... sky. I сап see... nice little bird.... bird is sitting in... big tree.... tree is green. 10. There is... little white cloud in... sky. 11. What... beautiful... day! 12. We have... large room. There is... big sofa in... room and... little lamp on... wall over... sofa. I like to sit on... sofa and read... good book. 13. This is 4.. Computer.... Computer isn't old. This... Computer is new. This is... good new Computer. 14. These äre >.. Computers.... Computers are new. These aren't... old Computers. These are... new Computers. These... Computers are good.
Запомните следующее устойчивое словосочетание: in ✓ front (of)
Упражнение 10
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. There is... wonderful small Computer in... front of... books there. 2. Where is... soup? —... soup is in... big saucepan on... gas cooker. 3. Where are... cutlets? —... cutlets are in... refrigerator on... little plate. 4. There is no... bread on... table. Where is... bread? 5. There is... little brown coffee table in our... room in... front of... sofa. 6. Where is... table in your... room? 7. There is... thick carpet on... floor in my mother's... room.
Is your brother at... home? — No, he is at... work. He works in... big factory. He is... engineer.
My sister has many... books.... books are in... big bookcase. She has really... good... taste in... books.
10.... weather is fine today. Let's go and play in...
yard. There are many... children in... yard. They
are playing with... ball.
Запомните следующие конструкции, требующие неопределенного артикля:
I have а... Не has а...
I SGG 9 •■■
This is а... That is а... It is а... There is а...
I am а... He is а... She is а...
Упражнение 11
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. I see... bottle of... pineapple... juice on... kitchen table. 2. Her... son has... great... sense of... humor. 3. There was... disco at... club last Sun-day but he didn't go. 4. Is there... bus stop near... building? 5. We have... big dog.... dog is very clever. 6. My friend has... very good Computer. 7. This... boy is big. He is... student. 8. There is... large piano in... hall. 9. This is... tree and that is not... tree. It's... bush. 10. I am... boy. I am... pupil. I study at... school. 11. My sister is at... work. She is... secretary. She works for... new Company. 12. This is... very difficult question. I don't know... answer to it. 13. Do you see... little girl with... big ball in her... hands? She is... pupil of our... school. 14. There was... beautiful flower in this... vase yesterday. Where is... flower now? 15. Last year we were in Geneva. It is... exciting city to visit, but... very expensive place to live.
Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:
in the middle in the corner to the right to the left
Упражнение 12
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. There is... jar of... delicious orange marmelade in... middle of... shelf. 2. There is... big... box of... cereal to... right of you. 3. There is... bunch of... bananas on... table. Don't keep them in... fridge. 4. There is... loaf of... white... bread on... upper... shelf of... fridge. If you want your... bread to be fresh, keep it only in... fridge. 5. Is there... bag of... flour in... cupboard? 6. There was... bottle of... drinking water in... corner of... kitchen. 7. There is... thick red... carpet in my... room.... carpet is on... floor in... front of... sofa. 8. Where is... table in your brother's... room? — His... table is near... window. 9.1 can see... fine... vase on... shelf. There are... lovely... flowers in... vase. 10. They have no... piano in their... living room. 11. My... uncle is... married. He has... beautiful wife. They have... son, but they have no... daughter. 12. I can see... nice... coffee table in... middle of... room to... right of... door. It is... black and... red. I like... coffee table. 13. Our... TV set is on... little... table in... corner of... room. 14. There is... beautiful picture in my father's... study.... picture is on... wall to... left of... window. 15. What... picture!
Упражнение 13
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
My aunt's flat is in... new house. There is... living room,... bedroom,... study,... bathroom and... kitchen in... flat.... bedroom is... large room with... two Windows.... room is light as... Windows are large. There are... white curtains on... Windows. There are... two beds with... large pillows on them.
There are... small tables near... beds. There are... lamps on them. To... left of... door there is... dress-ing table with... mirror on it. There is... low chair at... dressing table. There are... several pictures on... pale green walls. There is-... thick carpet on... floor.... carpet is dark green.... room is very cosy.
Если после конструкции there is (there are) стоит не-исчисляемое существительное или существительное во множественном числе, вместо опущенного неопределенного артикля часто (не обязательно) употребляется слово some.
Упражнение 14
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. There is... park behind... hospital. There are... beautiful... trees in... park. 2. There is... good... film on TV this;.. evening. I am going to watch it. 3. There is... library between... school and... bank. There are... English and German books in this... library. 4. There is... sofa in corner of... room. 5. There are... cushions on... sofa. 6. There are... books on... shelf. Give me... book, please.
What can you see in... fridge? — There is... sausage on... top shelf, but there is no... cheese there. There is... butter in... butter dish. There are... tomatoes and... carrots on... bottom shelf. There are... eggs and... apples on... next shelf. There is... orange,... lemon, and... jam in... little jar there.
There is... juice in this... carton. May I drink... juice? 9. There are... girls in... yard, but I can see no... boys. Where are... boys?— Oh, all... boys are playing football at... Stadium. 10. There is... peculiar charm in her... voice. 11. There is... money in... purse.
Упражнение 15
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. Where is... bus Station? —... bus Station is next to... gas Station. 2. There are two... pets in... house:... cat and... dog. 3. There is... TV antenna on... roof. 4. There is... mailbox between... building and... bus stop. 5. There is... big... dog in... front of... fireplace. 6. Do you speak English at... work? 7. She had... bad... day today. 8.1 have... colour TV set. TV set is on... little table in... corner of... room. 9. There is... book,... pen, and... paper on my... writing desk. 10. My... brother is... teacher. He works at... school. He has... very good books. His... books are in... big bookcase. 11. There is... tea in my... glass. There is no... tea in my... friend's... glass. His... glass is empty. 12. Where is... coffee table in your... room? —... coffee table is in... front of... sofa. There is... cup on... coffee table and... box of... chocolates. There is... coffee in... cup. 13. There are... photographs and newspapers on... sofa. 14. There is... guitar on... chair near... piano. 15. There was... piano in... corner of... living room. He sat at... piano for... hours, playing... favourite pieces from... classical music. He was... wonderful piano player.
Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания: | |
in the morning | in the evening |
In the afternoon | at ✓ night |
А также: |
|
to go to s bed | to go toschool |
to go to v^work |
|
Упражнение 16
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. Every day my... brother and I get up at eight o'clock and walk to... school. I like... school. It's... fun. My.... brother loves... football. He hates... homework. So he doesn't like to go to... school. Will he go to... work in... future? 2. My... feiend has to get up early in... morning because he goes to... school. That's why he usually goes to... bed early in... evening. 3.... weather was very bad in... morning yesterday.... sky was grey and it was raining. But in... middle of... day... weather began to change.... rain stopped and... sun appeared from behind... clouds. In afternoon it was very warm. I did not want to stay at... home and went into... yard. There were... boys and... girls in... yard. We played in... yard tili late in... evening. When I came... home, I drank... tea, ate... sandwich and went to... bed at once. I slept very well at... night.
Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:
at -s half past flve at a quarter past five to go v^home to comeV home to leave ✓ home for s work (for school)
Упражнение 17
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. My brother is... pupil. He goes to... school. He goes to... school in... morning. He has five or six... lessdns every day. In... afternoon he goes... home. At... home he does his... homework. In... evening he reads... books. He usually goes to... bed at... half past ten. At... night he sleeps. 2. My father goes to... work in... morning and comes... home in... evening. 3. I get up at... half past seven in... morning and go to... bed at... quarter to eleven in... evening. 4. When does your mother leave... home for... work? — She leaves... home for... work at... quarter past eight. 5. When do you leave... home for... school? — I leave... home for... school at... half past... eight. 6. What do you do when you come... home from... school? — I do my... homework, talk to my... friends on... phone and go for... walks. I of-ten listen to... music. I like... jazz best. Sometimes I play... Computer games.
Перед названиями месяцев и дней недели артикль не употребляется.
School begins in ✓September. We rest on ✓Sunday.
Перед порядковыми числительными обычно употребляется определенный артикль.
Our classroom is on the second floor. Today is the tenth of May.
Упражнение 18
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. We always go to... Russian Museum on... Sunday. 2. On... Saturday she usually goes to... Philharmonie. 3. In... August he has his... birth-day. He is planning to have... nice party with his... friends. 4. There are three rooms and... kitchen in our new flat. 5. My new dress is made of... silk. 6. If you want to write something on... blackboard, you must have... piece of... chalk. 7. Are there any pupils in... classroom? 8.1 have... new English book. I find... book quite fascinating. 9. There is... garden in... front of our school.... garden is not large, but it is very nice. 10.... May is... fifth month of the year. 11.... Saturday is... sixth day of the week. 12.... Sunday is... day off. 13. Today is... ninth of... May. Anton has got... new mobile phone. He is going to make... phone call to his... grandfather. 14. This is... nice place. In... June we are going there for... holiday. It'll be... great fun.
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