1. Hospitality in tourism industry. A brief History of the Hotel Industry. 1 страница

1. Hospitality in tourism industry. A brief History of the Hotel Industry.

The history of hotels is intimately connected to that of civilisations. Or rather, it is a part of thathistory. Facilities offering guests hospitality have been in evidence since early biblical times.The Greeks developed thermal baths in villages designed for rest and recuperation. Later, the Romans built mansions to provide accommodation for travellers on government business. The Romans were the first to develop thermal baths in England, Switzerland and the Middle East.Later still, caravanserais appeared, providing a resting place for caravans along Middle Eastern routes. In the Middle Ages, monasteries and abbeys were the first establishments to offer refuge

to travellers on a regular basis. Religious orders built inns, hospices and hospitals to cater for

those on the move.

From antiquity to the Middle Ages - The history of hotels is intimately connected to that of

civilisations. Or rather, it is a part of that history. Facilities offering guests hospitality have been in evidence since early biblical times. The Greeks developed thermal baths in villages designed

for rest and recuperation. Later, the Romans built mansions to provide accommodation for

travellers on government business. The Romans were the first to develop thermal baths in

England, Switzerland and the Middle East.

Later still, caravanserais appeared, providing a resting place for caravans along Middle Eastern

routes. In the Middle Ages, monasteries and abbeys were the first establishments to offer refuge

to travellers on a regular basis. Religious orders built inns, hospices and hospitals to cater for

those on the move.

Inns multiplied, but they did not yet offer meals. Staging posts were established for

governmental transports and as rest stops. They provided shelter and allowed horses to be

changed more easily. Numerous refuges then sprang up for pilgrims and crusaders on their way

to the Holy Land.

Travelling then became progressively more hazardous. At the same time, inns gradually

appeared in most of Europe. Some of them have remained famous, for example, l' Auberge des

Trois Rois in Basle, which dates from the Middle Ages.

Around 1200, staging posts for travellers and stations for couriers were set up in China and

Mongolia.

In Europe, or more precisely in Belgium, l' Auberge Cour Saint Georges opened in Gant, while

the Angel Inn was built at Grantham in Lincolnshire, England.

The start of the hotel industry - In France, at the beginning of the fifteenth century, the law

required that hotels keep a register. English law also introduced rules for inns at that time. At the

same time, around 1500 thermal spas were developed at Carlsbad and Marienbad.

During this epoch, more than 600 inns were registered in England. Their architecture often

consisted of a paved interior court with access through an arched porch. The bedrooms were

situated on the two sides of the courtyard, the kitchen and the public rooms at the front, and the

stables and storehouses at the back. The first guide books for travellers were published in France

during this period.

An embryonic hotel industry began to develop in Europe. Distinctive signs were hung outside

establishments renowned for their refined cuisine. At the end of the 1600s, the first stage coaches

following a regular timetable started operating in England. Half a century later, clubs similar to

English gentlemen's clubs and masonic lodges began to appear in America.

In Paris in the time of Louis XIV, the Place Vendôme offered the first example of a multiple-use

architectural complex, where the classical façades accommodated boutiques, offices, apartments

and also hotels.

2. The brief history of hotel industry in Kazakhstan.

Currently, there are around 600 tourist companies represented in Kazakhstan, half of them with offices in Almaty. They face a mountain of unsettled issues and problems. Expensive rates for advertising services, impossibility to get in touch with government bodies and consular services, insufficient information about the recent events, and a lack of professionals: all this reminds our entrepreneurs about the instability of the tourist business. Creating the Kazakhstan Association of Hotels and Restaurants (KAHR) in 1998 and the Kazakhstan Tourist Association in 1999 made it possible to focus joint efforts on resolving these problems.

Here are some examples of recent crucial achievements. Entry visas were cancelled for Kazakhstani citizens in July 2001 at an initiative of KAHR. The consular fee for entering the country was cut to $30 for foreign citizens. On 1st January 2002, an experimental streamlined visa procedure for citizens from 22 countries was launched. In October 2000, the Kazakh government issued the resolution On Measures for Improving the Tourist Image of Kazakhstan for 2000-2003. In July 2001, the bill On Tourist Businesses in Kazakhstan and Concepts for the Development of Tourism in Kazakhstan was passed. Members of the KAHR and KTA participated in the consideration of this bill, and made important proposals for its improvement. KAHR members also took an active part in developing Kazakhstan's new Tax Code. They have also contributed to cancelling the annual re-certification of hotels.

The association has acquired a good deal of experience of taking part in various world and regional exhibitions, such as the World Travel Market (2001, 2002), ITB fair of Berlin (2001), KITT Exhibition in Almaty, KITT in Moscow (2001), and other exhibitions.

We took the decision to join the Russian Association of Tourist Agencies (RATA) at the annual Hotel Conference of the CIS and Baltic countries, which was organized by the Best European Hotels and Akademservis. Since January this year, members of KTA and KAHR have been receiving electronic versions of the RATA-News daily newspaper, which conveys detailed information about the latest events in the tourist business.

Moreover, KAHR co-operates with the Almaty Association of Entrepreneurs, Russian Restaurant Guild, Kazakhstan Franchise Association, Central Kazakhstan Association, and other non-government associations.

The Kazakhstan Association of Hotels and Restaurants is grateful to all who support it and share its precious experience, and shows respect to those whose future is connected to the tourist industry.

3. Hotel Industry: Domestic and Foreign Experience.

4. Accommodation types for tourists recommended by UNWTO Classification.

The matter of the classification of tourism accommodations is particularly difficult for at least

two reasons:

-First of all, due to the large diversity of types of tourism accommodations, a diversity that is

constantly increasing;

-Also, due to the large diversity of classification systems that are themselves embedded in highly

different cultural and economic contexts.

I will therefore try to successively address four aspects of this matter:

-The objectives and the general framework of classification

-Systems for classification management

-Classification criteria

-Monitoring/enforcement

The first question that arises, of course, is: Why have a classification system? Or in other words,

what are its objectives? I see at least five:

To inform consumers. This point is very important because, by definition, a hotel is far from the

home of the tourist, and consumers cannot just go to the corner supermarket or the

neighbourhood retailer to see and possibly try out their future purchase. Classification thus

constitutes an indicator, a piece of information that should give confidence to the consumer

before, during and after his stay.

The second objective is to have a standardized listing allowing intermediaries, which are the tour

operators and travel agencies, to have a reference they can use when preparing their catalogues,

when negotiating wholesale deals with a hotel chain, or when putting together a customized

product.

The third objective is that of constituting an instrument for marketing and promotion. This would

be useful, first of all, for the hotels, which by featuring how many stars they have will be able to

promote their specific characteristics, and their additional services, based on the "certification

platform" provided by their stars. It is also useful at the governmental level. You will note in this

regard that practically all governments that are reforming their classification systems highlight

their desire to bring the quality of their national tourism up to a higher level. In this way, the

classification system itself can also become an element of promotion.

A fourth objective is to use the quality-measurement tool that is the classification system to

provide the hotel profession with a coherent framework that makes it possible to evaluate in a

consistent manner a sector that is characterized by the extreme diversity of accommodation units,

the vast majority of which, in both number and volume, are managed by individual entrepreneurs

or by enterprises with fewer than 10 employees.

Lastly, in certain countries, classification serves as a reference for the implementation of public

policies, such as the granting of subsidies or certain tax breaks.

5. Different types of accommodation in the hospitality industry.

Different types of accommodation in the hospitality industry.Accommodation Types

Bed & Breakfast

A Bed and Breakfast (B&B) is a private home in which guests can be accommodated at night in

private bedrooms (which may or may not have private bathrooms).

The owner or manager lives in the house or on the property. The public areas of the house, such

as kitchen and lounge have either limited access for guests, or are shared with the host family to

some degree. The business may be run as a secondary occupation. Breakfast is included in the

price (generally either continental or full-English). Other meals may be available by

arrangement.

Backpacker Hostel

A hostel (or backpacker) establishment is aimed at the budget traveller and generally attracts a

younger clientele. Bedrooms are in a dormitory style (shared) and bathrooms are shared,

although private bedrooms may be available. Light meals may be available in addition to the

room rate.

Boutique Hotel

A boutique hotel is a 5 star establishment providing all the features and facilities of a normal

hotel, in a unique and exclusive style. These properties are generally small, feature top class

service and are marketed to the affluent.

Guest House

A guesthouse is generally a private home which has been converted for the dedicated and

exclusive use of guest accommodation. The public areas of the establishment are for the

exclusive use of the guests. The owner or manager either lives off-site, or in an entirely separate

area within the property.A Guesthouse offers a wider range of services than a B&B, and usually

caters for all meals.

Hotel

A hotel is generally the largest of all accommodation types.

There is typically a common reception area, and rooms generally open directly onto a hallway.

The on-site restaurant and other facilities are more accessible to the public than the other

accommodation types. A wide range of guest services is available, such as room service.Hotels

are often members of larger hotel groups, and a similar accommodation experience may be

available in different establishments within the group.

Lodge

A lodge is an accommodation facility which is located and designed to optimize the feeling of

being closely in touch with nature.

The building style should feature natural materials and colouring such as wood, stone and thatch.

An outdoor experience should be offered at the lodge, such as guided walks, game drives etc.

Private Home

A private home not dedicated for full time occupation of guests, but is a private house or

apartment which is temporarily available for rental, often during peak tourism seasons.

Resort

A spread out collection of single or double story accommodation units. Similar to a hotel in that

it offers a wide range of facilities.Units may be rented and available on time-share.A camping

area may be included in the resort.

Self-Catering

A self catering establishment may be primarily one of the other accommodation types, but also

offers dedicated self catering facilities. The unit should feature a fully equipped kitchen to cater

for the maximum people to be accommodated (including fridge, stove, cutlery, crockery,

cooking utensils, cleaning equipment).The kitchen should be for the exclusive use of the guests,

and not shared.

6. Types of foreign hotels. Hotel and Motel chains.

There are some types of foreing hotels. One of them: Hotels for business people

1970 saw the beginning of the construction of hotels for business people. This movement was

supported by several factors. First of all, there was the will of the airline companies to extend

their efforts in the domain of hotels. Then there was the sudden prosperity, due to black gold, of

Middle Eastern countries which attracted business people from the entire world. This engendered

an important business travel trend - not limited to this region alone - which initiated the

development of hotels primarily designed for business people in Middle-Eastern cities like

Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Riyadh and Jeddah, to mention only the most important. Hotel chains,

attentive to their customers' wishes, started to offer an increasingly varied range of services.

Their rooms became more spacious and the cuisine more refined. Gradually, too, various first

class hotels (among them former palaces and city centre hotels) which had fallen into disrepair

began systematic renovation programmes. The end of the seventies, when China opened its doors

to foreign tourists, also saw the first congresses of international hotel experts.

The third boom in the hotel industry began in 1980, marked by more inventive marketing and the

development of hotels increasingly adapted to a particular type of clientele.

Hotel chains have been searching for alliances and some of them. For example: Holyday Inn,

Intercontinental, and Crown Plaza have merged to form Six continents hotels Chain; Marriot

absorbed Renaissance and Ramada International; Sol Melia opened a new line of Boutique

hotels, Accor signed several joint ventures in the East and the Far East, etc.) Forte acquired

Méridien to reinforce its global position. Starwoods (Sheraton) absorbed the Italian Ciga chain

and Westin. The main expansion zones for the hotel industry in 1994 remained Asia

(particularly China and India), the Middle East (above all, the United Arab Emirates and Egypt)

and Latin America. In Europe, hotel enterprises in the eastern countries (Russia, Croatia,

Slovakia, etc.) decided to renovate dilapidated palaces built at the turn of the century. All the

European capitals started to invest in preparations for the major event of this fin de siècle period,

that is, the celebration of our entry into the third millennium. The 3 star hotel Millennium

enjoying top level of On-line Room Management System is situated at the best site in Opatija at

the Mediterranean coast. Opatija in Croatia corresponds, in terms of reputation, to the level of St.

Moritz in Switzerland. Capitals throughout the world were busy developing the necessary

infrastructure to welcome the millions of tourists for the celebration of this event. Major hotel

chains are drawing up development plans in almost all parts of Europe. These plans primarily

involve the renovation of numerous prestigious hotels in both western and eastern European

countries. Gradually, the great capitals of Europe have been endowed with hotels boasting three,

four and five stars, offering quality services, innovative architecture, style, charm, and interior

design (city Boutique hotels). Specialised hotels offer wellness programs including health and

beauty centres, personalised services and treatments, anti-stress, revitalising, regenerating

programs, etc.

7. General characteristics and architectural ideas for hotel buildings.

An architectural style is a specific method of construction, characterized by the features that

make it notable. A style may include such elements as form, method of construction, materials,

and regional character. Most architecture can be classified as a chronology of styles which

changes over time. These may reflect changing fashions, changing beliefs and religions, or the

emergence of new ideas and new technology which make new styles possible.

Styles therefore emerge from the history of a society and are documented in the subject of

architectural history. At any time several styles may be fashionable, and when a style changes it

usually does so gradually, as architects learn and adapt to new ideas. The new style is sometimes

only a rebellion against an existing style, such as "post-modernism" (means "after modernism")

which has in recent years found its own language and split into a number of styles with other

names.

Styles often spread to other places, so that the style at its source continues to develop in new

ways while other countries follow with their own twist. For instance, the Renaissance began in

Italy around 1425 and spread to all of western Europe over the next 200 years, with the French,

Belgian, German, English and Spanish Renaissance being recognisably the same style, but with

unique characteristics. A style may also spread through Colonialism, either by foreign colonies

learning from their home country, or by settlers moving to a new land. One example is the

Spanish missions in California, brought by Spanish priests in the late 18th century and built in a

unique style.

After a style has gone out of fashion, there are often revivals and re-interpretations. For instance,

classicism has been revived many times and found fashion as neoclassicism (means "new

classicism"). Each time it is revived, it is different. The Spanish mission style was revived 100

later as the "Mission Revival", and that soon evolved into the Spanish Colonial Revival.

Vernacular architecture works slightly differently and is listed separately. It is the native method

of construction used by local people, usually using labour-intensive methods and local materials,

and usually for small structures such as rural cottages. It varies from region to region even within

a country, and takes little account of national styles or technology. As western society has

developed, vernacular styles have mostly become outmoded by new technology and national

building standards.Contents

1 Chronology of styles see more

8. Architecture Styles: Hotels Exterior. Inspiring Hotels Architecture

Hotel architecture tends to look like office building architecture in some cases, and not that

interesting office architecture, but the dull type. Fortunately, there are also cases of unique and

well thought architectural plans for hotels, showcased in this article through a few examples. A

small number of these are just projects or in construction, but the rest are just architectural

marvels.

http://www.designyourway.net/blog/inspiration/inspiring-hotels-architecture-24-buildings/

Extravaganza- In 1995 construction began in Dubai of one of the most ambitious and

prestigious tourist complexes in the region, the Jumeirah Beach Hotels (Jumeirah Beach hotel,

Burj Al Arab, etc.). These comprise several establishments capable of satisfying the needs of

average tourists, business people and those who can afford real luxury. The talk now is of sixand

seven-star hotels, a surprising designation which is nevertheless perfectly justified by the

luxury of the bedrooms and the facilities they offer, the impeccable service, the high degree of

modern technology, as well as the beauty of the surroundings and the high-quality environment.

In 2004, another Emirate, Abu Dhabi, will welcome the delegates of the Gulf Council Countries.

in the new Conference Palace Hotel (CPH). This superior construction has been specified "to

offer the most outstanding services with a challenging 9 star definition"… We will, of course,

report on it on a later stage.

9. Hotel interior design in the world. Pictograms in hotels.

Interior design describes a group of various yet related projects that involve turning an interior

space into an "effective setting for the range of human activities" that are to take place there.[1]

An interior designer is someone who conducts such projects. Interior design is a multifaceted

profession that includes conceptual development, liaising with the stakeholders of a project and

the management and execution of the design.

Interior design as carried out in the US is an almost entirely different practice to that carried out

in the UK. This article describes interior design that relates mainly to the US.

In the past, Interiors were put together instinctively as a part of the process of building.[1] The

profession of interior design has been a consequence of the development of society and the

complex architecture that has resulted from the development of industrial processes. The pursuit

of effective use of space, user well-being and functional design has contributed to the

development of the contemporary interior design profession.

In ancient India, architects used to work as interior designers. This can be seen from the

references of Vishwakarma the architect - one of the Gods in Indian mythology. Additionally,

the sculptures depecting ancient texts, events are seen in palaces built in 17th century India.