Міністерство освіти України 5 страница

Parts of the mammoth structure are open to the public, with guided tours taking visitors through hallways lined with portraits of military leaders past and present, artists’ impressions of war, and models of military equipment and aircraft.

The rolling hills of Arlington hold more than 213,000 graves and represent America’s history of war from the Revolutionary war to present day. The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is the most cherished monument to all American men and women who were killed in the service of their country. A continuous honour guard has been placed at the Tomb since 1937. An eternal flame marks the location of the single most visited grave in the U.S. – the burial place of President John F. Kennedy. In fact, Arlington National Cemetery is the place where almost all the famous people of America are buried.

The most famous museum of Washington is, without doubt, the Smithsonian Institute. Mark Twain called the Smithsonian Institute ‘the nation’s attic’. This comment is even more true today, when, with its thirteen museums, the Smithsonian has at least a little of everything.

Washington D.C. also has many monuments honouring its outstanding citizens like George Washington, the first president, Abraham Lincoln, the author of the Emancipation Proclamation which gave freedom to Negro slaves, Thomas Jefferson, who was the main author of the Declaration of Independence and others.

While Washington has countless monuments and historical sites to visit, it also offers many other attractions and events, including a grand centre for performances like music, dance and films.

EXERCISES

Exercise 1. Answer the questions.

1. Where was Washington D.C. built?

2. Why had George Washington decided the area was the sensible place to build a permanent capital city?

3. What city did Washington dream of?

4. Who designed a new capital?

5. What was the plan for a city like?

6. What states did the District of Columbia expand government operations into?

7. How did The White House get its name?

8. Who has lived in The White House?

9. Who started the first reconstruction and why?

10. Does The White House serve as an office for the president only?

11. How was Lafayette Square changed by Thomas Jefferson?

12. What makes Lafayette Square a prime photo stop for tourists?

13. Where does the United States Capitol stand?

14. Why is the Capitol an awe inspiring symbol of American government?

15. Why is the Library of Congress well-known all over the world?

16. Where was the Pentagon constructed?

17. What are the functions of the Pentagon today?

18. What is Arlington National Cemetery famous for?

19. Why is the Smithsonian Institute sometimes called ‘the nation’s attic’?

20. What monuments does Washington D.C. have?

Exercise 2. Translate from English into Ukrainian.

1. With its neoclassical buildings and its tree-lined avenues, Washington D.C. strikes the visitors as a lovely and formal city. But it wasn’t always this way. From the gentle waters of the Potomac River, aboard of the wooden vessels of the revolution, the view was scenic perhaps, but not spectacular.

2. Washington dreamed of a city with shining white marble buildings connected by broad boulevards and lush green parks. If only he could have taken in the view two centuries later, from the window of a commercial airliner.

3. Drawing upon his experience with the gardens of Versailles in his homeland, L’Enfant draw up a plan for a city that literally springs from the centre in all directions, with its broad avenues emanating from focal points in circles and small parks

4. George Washington never lived in The White House, because it was under construction together with the Capitol. The White House has been the home of all American presidents since November 1800.

5. The major reconstruction of The White House occurred during the tenure of President Harry Truman. Minor facelifts, redecorating and landscaping occur often as successive presidents personalize The White House to their needs and tastes.

6. Thomas Jefferson ordered that the area directly across Pennsylvania Avenue be turned into a public park. Lafayette Square soon became a strategic location for activities as varied as food distribution, army encampments and political demonstrations.

7. The United States Capitol stands proudly atop a hill at the east end of the Mall, an American icon, a symbol of democracy and the most prominent landmark in Washington D.C.

8. Located just behind the Capitol, the Thomas Jefferson Building of the Library of Congress is a stunning example of Victorian Rococo design. The Great Hall of the Library of Congress is adomed with mosaics, painting, and a carving marble stairway.

9. A suitable tract of land could not be found inside the District of Columbia, and so the Pentagon, one of the largest office buildings in the world, was constructed just across the Potomac River in Arlington, Virginia.

10. Parts of the mammoth structure are open to the public, with guided tours taking visitors through hallways lined with portraits of military leaders past and present, artists’ impressions of war, and models of military equipment and aircraft.

11. Washington D.C. has also many monuments honouring its outstanding citizens like George Washington, the first president, Abraham Lincoln, the author of the Emancipation Proclamation which gave freedom to Negro slaves, Thomas Jefferson, who was the main author of the Declaration of Independence and others.

Exercise 3. Translate from Ukrainian into English.

1. До 1791 року Джордж Вашингтон вирішив, що ця місцевість була розумним місцем розташування постійної столиці недосвідчених ще Сполучених Штатів Америки. Розумним, тому що воно представляло географічний компроміс між політиками Півночі та Півдня, а також було природно захищено від Атлантичного океану.

2. Підлітаючи до Національного аеропорту, будь-хто помічає білий мармур та зелене листя мрії Джорджа Вашингтона, що випромінює свіжість і красу парків у гармонії з вражаючими пам’ятниками та значними урядовими будівлями.

3. Сьогодні функціональна та естетична краса Вашингтона залишається відданою мріям свого тезки та дизайнам свого архітектора.

4. Білий дім служить як офісом для президентів та домом для першої сім’ї у державі, так і головним місцем, що притягує туристів. Півгодинна загальнодоступна екскурсія приводить у дім 6000 гостей на день.

5. Домінуючою рисою Капітолію є його купол. Увінчаний статуєю Свободи, ефектний дах Великої Ротунди піднімається з середини Капітолію. Ця Ротунда служить головним церемоніальним залом.

6. Бібліотека Конгресу налічує біля 90 млн. примірників, серед яких менше однієї третини це книги та брошури написані 470 мовами. Тільки карти та атласи налічують більше 4 млн. примірникiв.

7. Будівництво Пентагону розпочалось у 1941 році за умови, що п’ятистороння будівля не буде вищою за 5 поверхів, щоб ніщо не затуляло вид Арлінгтонського кладовища.

8. Могила Невідомого солдата є найбільш шанованим пам’ятником всім, хто був убитий під час служіння своїй країні. Постійна почесна варта була поставлена біля могили у 1937 році.

9. Вашингтон має незліченні пам’ятники та історичні міcця, а також пропонує багато атракціонів та розваг, такі як музика, танці та кіно у великому розважальному центрі.

Exercise 4. Read and dramatize the following dialogues:

A: What can you tell me about Washington D.C.?

B: Oh, Washington D.C. strikes the visitor as a lovely and formal city. It’s the capital of the USA.

A: Are there any beautiful buildings which are worth seeing?

B: Of course, there are. The White House is the oldest public building in Washington D.C. It is also the most famous residence in America.

A: And what is the Capitol?

B: Don’t you know. The Capitol is one of the most recognizable buildings in the world, an awe inspiring symbol of American government.

A: That’s interesting. Thank you very much.

* * *

A: Have you ever been to Washington D.C.?

B: No, it’s my first visit here.

A: Have you seen much of the city?

B: No, I haven’t. Can you tell me what is the most interesting place to visit?

A: Willingly. I’d advise you to see the Library of Congress. It is a stunning example of Victorian Rococo design. The Main Reading room of it is the favourite room of many Washingtonians and on the top ten list of tourist destinations.

B: How many books are there?

A: The Library contains some 90 million items, of which slightly less than one-third are books and pamphlets, written in 470 languages.

B: Thank you ever so much. You’ve given me so much information.

Exercise 5. Complete the following dialogue:

A: …

B: Yes, I am. And I have only a couple of days to see the sights. Is it possible to see anything in Washington in a day or two?

A: …

B: I’d like to see as many places of interest as possible. What do you think I ought to see first?

A: …

Communicative situations

1. You are writing a letter to an American friend. Ask him about the places of interest which are worth seeing in Washington D.C.

2. Suppose you are on excursion. Ask the guide about the historical places of Washington D.C.

ЛІТЕРАТУРА

1. Вигран О. Ф. Знайомтеся: Великобританія. Пробн. підруч. для 10 кл. спец. серед. загальноосвіт. шк. з поглибл. вивчен. англ. мови. За ред. О. М. Константинової. – К.: Форум, 2001. – 304 с.

2. Вигран О.Ф. Знайомтеся: Сполучені Штати Америки. Пробн. підруч. для 11 кл. спец. серед. загальноосвіт. шк. з поглибл. вивчен. англ. мови. За ред. О. М. Константинової. – К.: Форум, 2002. – 304 с.

3. Статут Національного технічного університету України «Київський політехнічний інститут» // Київський Політехнік. – № 39. - К.: ТОВ «АТОПОЛ-інк», 2007. – 4 с.

4. Шпанько М. С. Англійська мова. Підруч. для 10-11 кл. серед. шк. з поглибл. вивч. англ. мови. – К.: Равлик, 1997. – 256 с.

5. Forbes M., Phillips H. English edition Washington D. C. – Markham.: Irving Weisdorf and Co. Ltd., 1997. – 63p.

CONTENTS

1. The National Technical University of Ukraine “Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”………………………………………………………….. 3

2. Ukraine ………………………………………………………….. 13

3. Kyiv ……………………………………………………………... 20

4. Great Britain …………………………………………………….. 27

5. London …………………………………………………………... 37

6. The United States of America …………………………………... 48

7. Washington D. C………………………………………………... 57

8. Sources…………………………………………………………….67

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