МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ УКРАЇНИ
НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ ТЕХНІЧНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ УКРАЇНИ
«КИЇВСЬКИЙ ПОЛІТЕХНІЧНИЙ ІНСТИТУТ»
НАВЧАЛЬНИЙ ПОСІБНИК
для практичного оволодіння навичками читання, монологічного
та діалогічного мовлення
для занять з англійської мови
для студентів І курсу технічних спеціальностей
КИЇВ НТУУ «КПІ» 2009
НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ ТЕХНІЧНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ УКРАЇНИ
«КИЇВСЬКИЙ ПОЛІТЕХНІЧНИЙ ІНСТИТУТ»
НАВЧАЛЬНИЙ ПОСІБНИК
для практичного оволодіння навичками читання, монологічного
та діалогічного мовлення
для занять з англійської мови
для студентів І курсу технічних спеціальностей
Затверджено
на засіданні кафедри англійської
мови технічного спрямування №1
Протокол № 9 від 12.06.08
КИЇВ НТУУ «КПІ» 2009
Навчальний посібник для практичного оволодіння навичками читання, монологічного та діалогічного мовлення для занять з англійської мови для студентів технічних спеціальностей/
Упорядн. В.В. Чмель. –К,: НТУУ «КПІ».70с. – Англ. і укр.. мова.
Упорядник: В.В. Чмель
Відповідальний за випуск Н.С. Саєнко
Рецензенти: С.І. Сидоренко
Т.Г. Семигінівська
Навчальний посібник укладено відповідно до програми і спрямовано на розвиток навичок читання, монологічного та діалогічного мовлення у студентів технічних спеціальностей.
Цю роботу належить використовувати як базову для вивчення студентами загальноосвітніх тем, удосконалення навичок читання, монологічного та діалогічного мовлення.
Видання складається з семи окремих тем, кожна з яких вміщує додаткову лексику, текст для читання, запитання до тексту, вправи для перекладу, а також вправи на розвиток мовленнєвих навичок студентів.
Виконання студентами завдань посібника сприяє інтенсифікації процесу навчання іноземній мові, підвищує результативність навчання діалогічному та монологічному мовленню та зацікавленість студентів у розвитку навичок читання.
THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF UKRAINE
‘KYIV POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE’
Prominent – видатний, відомий,
electric welding – електрозварювання,
helicopter(s) – гелікоптер,
satellites – штучний супутник,
to grant – давати, дарувати,
self-governing (autonomous) – автономний, самокерований
higher State educational establishment – вищий державний учбовий заклад,
wide authorities – широкі повноваження,
determination – визначення, вибір,
social-economic conditions – соціально-економічні умови,
to create – створювати,
fundamental and applied research – фундаментальні (основні) та прикладні дослідження,
pedagogical (teaching) staff – педагогічний (викладацький) склад працівників,
to allow – дозволяти,
bachelor – бакалавр,
master – магістр,
up-to-date level – сучасний рівень,
assistant – асистент, помічник,
personnel –персонал, штат працівників,
to cover a great deal of problems – охопити велику частину проблем,
selection – відбір,
enrolment – набір до учбового закладу,
to confer – присуджувати науковий ступінь,
skill – майстерність, уміння,
requalification – перекваліфікація,
to seek – шукати,
the humanities – гуманітарні науки
correspond to – відповідати чому-небудь,
opportunity- можливість,
integration – інтеграція, об’єднання,
module and rating technology - модульна та рейтингова технологія.
to supply – постачати, задовольняти,
exchange of students – обмін студентами,
postgraduate(s) – аспірант(и),
to inhabit – жити, мешкати, населяти,
hostel – студентський гуртожиток
married students – одружені студенти,
swimming pool – басейн для плавання.
gymnasium – спортивний зал,
rehabilitation centre – реабілітаційний центр,
sports ground – спортивний майданчик.
repair shop – майстерня.
to be available – бути доступним,
board and lodging house – квартира з харчуванням, повний пансіон,
health camp – оздоровчий табір,
to provide – постачати, забезпечувати,
necessary – необхідний, потрібний.
The Kyiv Polytechnic Institute was founded in 1898. The idea of its creation united such outstanding scientists of that time as V. L. Kirpichov,
M. Y. Zhukovsky, K. O. Timiryazyev. The President of the First Examining Board in chemistry faculty was Dmitry Mendeleyev. The Institute had only four departments then, among them: mechanical, chemical, engineering and agricultural. A great number of prominent people worked and studied there: Y. P. Paton, the founder of electric welding, I. Sikorsky, the inventor of helicopters, S. P. Korolyov, the designer of the first satellites and spaceships in the world.
Academician Stepan Timoshenko, one of the founders of the Ukrainian Academy of sciences, the elected member of the academies of sciences in Ukraine, Russia, Poland, France, the USA, Italy, American Philosopher‘s society, Royal society of London and the honorary doctorate of the Universities of Michigan, Zurich, Glasgow, Munich, Bologna, Zagreb, Turin, the holder of the most prestigious awards in science was one of the most brilliant lecturers and professors at the strength of materials faculty of the KPI. Timoshenko’s article published in the Kyiv Polytechnic News Bulletin found a wide application in shipbuilding. In fact, the steel plates used in the ships, were tested for tensile strength based on Timoshenko formulae. Timoshenko’s textbook on the strength of materials was translated into many foreign languages and many engineers used it and will use it in their studies. In 1911 Timoshenko was awarded the Zhuravsky Award, which was awarded only once every decade for the best work in construction mechanics. In 1922 Timoshenko was awarded the Lever medal by Franklin Institute for his work on suspension bridges in New York. The same year he presented his research on crank shafts at the American society of engineers.
There is a museum of History of the KPI, where the students and guests may get acquainted with its past and development of engineering in Ukraine.
The KPI wrote a glorious page in the history of the Great Patriotic War. During the Second World War (1941-1945) the teachers and students of the KPI glorified their University, giving their lives for the liberation of our Motherland. There is a monument to them at the entrance of the KPI park. According to tradition on the 1st of September (the beginning of the new academic year), a special delegation of the first-year students, professors and teachers of the KPI come to the monument to lay flowers and express their gratitude to the heroes who sacrificed their lives defending their Homeland.
After the War the KPI had to overcome many difficulties. In fact, it had to begin its life anew. Since then, the KPI had made great progress. The teaching staff of the KPI consists of highly qualified teachers, professors and scientists. They do their best to provide the students with all-round scientific and technical education.
Engineers-graduates of the KPI work all over Ukraine and abroad, introducing the latest achievements of science and technology. Many graduates and postgraduates of the KPI have become famous scientists.
At present there are 21,932 full-time students, 1,436 part-time students, 3,657 students by correspondence, 1,068 foreign students from fifty countries of the world, 482 post graduates, including 80 foreigners, and 27 doctorates (total more than 28,000 students).
Today there are 21 faculties and 9 institutes which train specialists in such fields of technology as power engineering, radio, electronics, computing, automation, telecommunications, etc. They are: Energy Saving and Energy Management Institute, Institute of Physics and Technology, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Military Institute of Telecommunications and Information Technology, Institute of Telecommunication Systems, Aircraft and Space Systems Faculty, Applied Mathematics Faculty, Chemical Engineering Faculty, Chemical Technology Faculty, Electronics Faculty, Welding Faculty, Biotechnology Faculty, Sociology Faculty, Physical Training and Sports Faculty, Radio Engineering Faculty, Management and Marketing Faculty, Publishing Faculty, Linguistics Faculty, Law Faculty, Heat Power Engineering Faculty, Precision Instruments Faculty, Information and Computer Engineering Faculty, teaching and scientific complex ‘Institute of Applied and System Analysis’, scientific-research institutes, laboratories, construction bureaus, publishing centre ‘Polytechnika’, engineering and other centres, scientific and technological parks ‘Kyiv Polytechnika’ and others.
They offer a great number of training programs: automation and electric drive, mining deposits of useful minerals, mine and underground construction, ecology and environmental protection, electromechanical systems, hydraulic and pneumatic machines, boilers and reactors, electric power stations, heat power stations, computer systems and networks, etc.
In accordance with the Decrees of the President of Ukraine dated April 8, 1995 #289 and August 30, 2004 #1023 Kyiv Polytechnic Institute was granted with the name the National Technical University of Ukraine “Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” and got the Status of the National self-governing (autonomous) higher State educational establishment of research type with wide authorities in determination of the content of the higher education, its forms and ways of activity. The University is accredited according to the status of higher educational establishment of the 4th level and has the right to provide education for highly-qualified specialists. The National Technical University of Ukraine “Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” is one of the oldest higher technical institutes of Ukraine and has its own historical traditions, works actively in the new social-economic conditions which are being created in the country. But as it was before, its main tasks are training specialists for industry, scientific pedagogical specialists for the development of scientific-technical potential of Ukraine, the development of fundamental and applied research as well as in the traditional directions (fields) of science and technology so in the newest directions using the innovatory model.
Scientific and innovatory activity of the university is inseparable part of its educational activity that gives possibility to train specialists on the basis of the latest achievements in science and technology, to develop new technical means of education according to the results of scientific investigations, to involve students into scientific and research work of basic departments and engineering centres, to carry out fundamental and applied scientific investigations to create new technics, innovatory technologies and new materials, to co-operate with academic and branch scientific organizations to solve important technical and scientific tasks, to produce experimental samples and equipment and appliances for different purposes, to provide scientific and technical expertise in the market, etc.
The creative potential of the pedagogical and scientific staff of the university, material-technical and laboratory basis, wide contacts with industrial enterprises, research institutions of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, traditional connections with universities abroad allow to train bachelors, engineers, masters, candidates (of sciences) and doctors of sciences, to carry out scientific research work at the up-to-date level. Self-governing in educational activity of the teaching staff of NTUU “KPI”, consisting of more than 2000 professors, assistants and other personnel, allows to cover a great deal of problems: training, test selection and enrolment of young people who want to become students, training the highly educated specialists, postgraduates, conferring the Candidate’s and Doctor’s degrees, raising the level of skill and requalification of both Ukrainian and foreign specialists.
Following the best traditions of the higher education, the teaching staff of our university is seeking advanced methods of training, inviting as lecturers the well-known scientists of Ukraine as well as professors of leading foreign universities working with NTUU “KPI”.
After getting the highest State status of the National Technical University of Ukraine, specialities in economy and the humanities that correspond to the modern needs of the country as well as new engineering specialities are developed. This creates opportunity for getting second speciality.
New situation in Ukraine has created new possibilities for NTUU “KPI” integration into the world higher education system to take part in the international educational programs. Module and rating technology of study with full methodical supplying has been started.
At present NTUU ”KPI” cooperates with almost 30 technical universities of many countries, trains bachelors, masters, candidates and doctors of sciences for about 100 states of the world. The exchange of students is also carried out according to the agreements on cooperation with many higher educational establishments of the USA, Canada and Western Europe. About 1500 foreign citizens from more than 42 countries study at the University nowadays.
More than 42 thousand students and postgraduates of NTUU “KPI” inhabit the University Campus. Its structures make up the complex of 28 academic and laboratory structures and blocks of research institutes, 22 hostels (3 for married students), sports complex with 2 swimming pools, gymnasiums of Olympic standard, rehabilitation centre, sports grounds, a stadium, tennis courts, a library with almost 3 million books in it. Many shops, repair shops and services, cafes and clubs, a post-office, a policlinic, discos, etc. are available on its territory. There is also a board and lodging house, a health camp, a sport camp in the Carpathians and a rest base.
The University provides students with almost everything necessary for better studies and happier life.
EXERCISES.
Exercise 1. Answer the questions.
1. When was the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute founded?
2. Who participated in its creation?
3. What departments did the Institute have at that time?
4. What prominent people worked and studied there?
5. What role did Stepan Timoshenko play in the work of the KPI?
6. How did the teachers and students of the KPI glorify their University during the Second World War?
7. How do people express their gratitude to the heroes who sacrificed their lives defending their Homeland?
8. What does the teaching staff do to provide the students with all-round scientific and technical education?
9. Where do engineers-graduates of the KPI work?
10. How many students are there at the University at present?
11. How many faculties and institutes are there at the University today?
12. What do they offer students?
13. When was the Institute granted with the name the National Technical University of Ukraine ‘Kyiv Polytechnic Institute’?
14. What Status did it get?
15. What are the main tasks of the higher educational establishment?
16. What allows to train bachelors, engineers, masters, candidates and doctors of sciences, to carry out scientific research work at the up-to-date level?
17. What problems does activity of the teaching staff cover?
18. How is the teaching staff seeking advanced methods of training?
19. What specialities are developed at the University?
20. What has been started at the University?
21. What countries and universities does NTUU ‘KPI’ cooperate with?
22. How many people inhabit the University Campus today?
23. What structures does the University have for the development of students?
Exercise 2. Translate from English into Ukrainian.
1. The Kyiv Polytechnic Institute was founded in 1898. The idea of its creation united such outstanding scientists of that time as V. L. Kirpichov,
2. M. Y. Zhukovsky, K. O. Timiryazyev. The President of the First Examining Board in chemistry faculty was Dmitry Mendeleyev.
3. Academician Stepan Timoshenko, one of the founders of the Ukrainian Academy of sciences, the elected member of the academies of sciences in Ukraine, Russia, Poland, France, the USA, Italy, American Philosopher’s society, Royal society of London and the honorary doctorate of the Universities of Michigan, Zurich, Glasgow, Munich, Bologna, Zagreb, Turin, the holder of the most prestigious awards in science was one of the most brilliant lecturers and professors at the strength of materials faculty of the KPI.
4. The KPI wrote a glorious page in the history of the Great Patriotic War. During the Second World War (1941-1945) the teachers and students of the KPI glorified their University, giving their lives for the liberation of our Motherland.
5. At present there are 21,932 full-time students, 1,436 part-time students, 3,657 students by correspondence, 1,068 foreign students from fifty countries of the world, 482 post graduates, including 80 foreigners, and 27 doctorates (total more than 28,000 students).
6. They offer a great number of training programs: automation and electric drive, mining deposits of useful minerals, mine and underground construction, ecology and environmental protection, electromechanical systems, hydraulic and pneumatic machines, boilers and reactors, electric power stations, heat power stations, computer systems and networks, etc.
7. In accordance with the Decree of the President of Ukraine dated April 8, 1995 #289/95 Kyiv Polytechnic Institute was granted with the name the National Technical University of Ukraine ‘Kyiv Polytechnic Institute’ and got the Status of the National self-governing higher State educational establishment with wide authorities in determination of the content of the higher education, its forms and ways of activity.
8. The creative potential of the pedagogical and scientific staff of the university, material-technical and laboratory basis, wide contacts with industrial enterprises, research institutions of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, traditional connections with universities abroad allow to train bachelors, engineers, masters, candidates and doctors of sciences, to carry out scientific research work at the up-to-date level.
9. After getting the highest State status of the National Technical University of Ukraine, specialities in economy and the humanities that correspond to the modern needs of the country as well as new engineering specialities are developed.
10. Many shops, repair shops and services, cafes and clubs, a post-office, a policlinic, discos, etc. are available on its territory. There is also a board and lodging house, a health camp, a sport camp in the Carpathians and a rest base.
Exercise 3. Translate from Ukrainian into English.
1. Велика кількість видатних людей працювала та навчалася в Київському Політехнічному Інституті: Є. Патон, засновник електрозварювання, І. Сікорський, винахідник гелікоптера, С. Корольов, конструктор першого в світі штучного супутника та космічних кораблів.
2. Стаття Тимошенко знайшла широке застосування у кораблебудуванні. Книга Тимошенко про міцність матеріалів була перекладена на багато іноземних мов і багато інженерів використовували та будуть використовувати її у своїх дослідженнях.
3. Згідно з традицією 1 вересня (початок нового навчального року) спеціальна делегація першокурсників та викладачів Університету приходить до пам’ятника покласти квіти та виразити свою вдячність героям, які пожертвували своїми життями захищаючи Батьківщину.
4. Сьогодні існує 21 факультет та 9 інститутів, які готують спеціалістів у таких галузях, як радіо, електроніка, телекомунікації, комп’ютери, автоматика, соціологія, лінгвістика, право, біотехнологія, тощо.
5. Як і раніше його основними завданнями є підготовка спеціалістів для промисловості, науково-педагогічних спеціалістів для розвитку науково-технічного потенціалу України, розвитку фундаментальних та прикладних досліджень, а також традиційних галузей науки та технології поряд із новими напрямками.
6. Наслідуючи найкращі традиції вищої освіти, викладачі нашого університету шукають передові методи підготовки, запрошуючи в якості лекторів добре відомих науковців України, а також професорів провідних іноземних університетів, що співпрацюють із НТУУ „КПІ”.
7. Нова ситуація в Україні створила нові можливості для інтеграції НТУУ „КПІ” до світової системи вищої освіти, щоб приймати участь у міжнародних освітніх програмах.
8. Зараз НТУУ „КПІ” співробітничає з майже 30 технічними університетами багатьох країн, готує бакалаврів, магістрів, докторів наук для більш, ніж для 100 держав світу. Обмін студентами також проводиться згідно з домовленостями про співробітництво з багатьма вищими навчальними закладами США, Канади та Західної Європи.
Exercise 4. Read and dramatize the following dialogues:
A: I have just finished secondary school and I want to enter a university.
B: That’s a good idea. What would you like to study?
A: I like mathematics and physics.
B: Then you should choose some technical university.
A: What would you recommend?
B: I suppose the National Technical University of Ukraine ‘Kyiv Polytechnic Institute’ is the best you can choose.
A: Why do you think so?
B: Because it is one of the oldest higher technical institutes of Ukraine and has its own historical traditions.
A: How many faculties are there?
B: As far as I know there are 21 faculties and 9 institutes which train specialists in such fields of technology as power engineering, radio, electronics, computing, automation, telecommunications and others.
A: Thanks a lot. I will try to enter this university.
* * *
A: What a luck running into you. How are you getting on?
B: Thanks. Everything’s all right. I am quite well. And how are you?
A: I am fine now. But you see I was ill last week.
B: Poor you. Can I do anything for you?
A: Please, bring me your notes. I missed some lectures and now I can’t catch the idea of what difference between heat and geothermal power stations is.
B: All right. By the way, I have got a textbook ‘Power stations’. I’ll bring it if you like.
A: Thank you. I need it badly.
B: See you in the evening.
A: Good-bye.
Exercise 5. Complete the following dialogue:
A: Hello. Glad to see you. Where are you going?
B: …
A: What faculty do you study at?
B: …
A: Will you become an engineer after graduating from the University?
B: …
A: Is it possible to get second speciality?
B: …
Communicative situations
1. You are a first year student of the NTUU ‘KPI’. What will you tell the school graduates about the University?
2. Suppose you are a professor of mathematics. What will you tell the teachers from the USA about educational activity of the teaching staff of the University?
UKRAINE
Wondrous – дивний, чудовий
spectacular - захоплюючий
scenic - мальовничий
glittering – блискучий, виблискуючий
tranquil - спокійний
estuary – гирло ріки
marsh – болото
endowed - обдарований
self-sufficient – самодостатній, самозабезпечений
is blessed with - благословенний
beech - бук
birch - береза
perch - окунь
pike - щука
carrion eagle – чорний орел
dignified - поважний, величний
to approve - схвалювати
sovereignty - суверенітет
comprehensive- всеосяжний, всебічний
framework – структура, суспільний лад
independence - незалежність
to proclaim - проголошувати
to elect - обирати
universal suffrage – загальне виборче право
secret ballot – таємне голосування
executive power – виконавча влада
legislative power – законодавча влада
to exercise - здійснювати
to be responsible – бути відповідальним
to be accountable – бути підзвітним
to fulfil(l) – виконувати, здійснювати
Ukraine is the largest country in Europe. The village of Dilove (district of Rachiv, province of Transcarpathian) is considered to be the geographical centre of Europe.
Ukraine is a wondrous land of spectacular scenic beauty, a land of shady woods and rolling hills, glittering lakes and deep blue seas, soaring mountains and tranquil estuaries. It stretches for over 1.300 kilometres from the mountains in the west to the steppes in the east, and for 900 kilometres from the marshes in the north to the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov in the south. The country is richly endowed by nature, possessing 5% of the world’s resources. There are 80 different types, including iron ore, manganese ore, titanium, granite, marble and others. Ukraine is almost self-sufficient in coal, but must import three-quarters of its natural gas and 90% of its oil. As a result, the main branches of industry in Ukraine are metallurgy, coal-mining, machine-building, chemical, engineering and others.
Ukraine is blessed with potentially rich agro and forestry land resources. About 70% of the national territory is in agricultural use and some 55% is under cultivation, two-thirds of it on the extremely fertile black soil. Fruit and vegetables are grown mainly in the southern part of the country and around all big cities. Ukraine is known as the breadbasket of Europe because the most important crops include wheat, barley and corn. Its agriculture also produces much sugar beets, potatoes, sunflowers and flax. Cattle-farming and sheep-farming are well developed in the country.
Ukraine is mostly a flat plain. Mount Hoverla (2.061 m) in the Carpathians is the highest peak in the country. There are many treeless summits which are called polonynas. Most forests are in the Carpathians and Polissia. Ukraine is famous for its forests with plantations of pine, oak, beech and birch.
The flora and fauna of Ukraine are very rich and numerous. Many kinds of birds and animals can be seen in its territory. The animal world of the Crimean Mountains is different from other zones. Here we can find rare birds and animals (carrion eagle, black griffon, red deer).
The Black Sea is deep and has a wide range of animal life. The deepest point of the Black Sea is 2.210 m. Ukraine’s proximity to the Black Sea and the presence of large navigable rivers running through its territory have promoted the development of trade and culture.
Ukraine’s longest river is the Dnipro. It ranks as Europe’s third longest waterway. It divides the country into right-bank and left-bank Ukraine. The Danube connects Ukraine with seven European countries. Ukraine has more than 3.000 lakes. In the Shatski lakes in the North-West there are a lot of fish: perch, pike and carp.
The climate is pleasant and temperate continental by nature. It is cold and snowy in winter and warm and sunny in summer. The temperature ranges between + 25 degrees (centigrade) and -8 degrees.
The population of the country is about 47 million people. The state language of Ukraine is Ukrainian, though it is a multinational state.
There are three national Ukraine’s symbols: the national flag, the national anthem and the state emblem. The National Flag first appeared in 1848. It has two stripes: a blue one above a yellow one. The deepest expression of national patriotic feelings of Ukraine is shown in the Ukrainian Anthem. The national Emblem of Ukraine is a trident. It is the most ancient and dignified of all Ukrainian symbols.
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