1. economic relations in primitive Hunting,
2. economic relations in slaveholding Operation
3. economic relations in feudal Labor
4. economic relations in capitalist Development
5. economic relations in socialist A state
6. sociopolitical relations in primitive Elective
7. sociopolitical relations in slaveholding A unlimited
8. sociopolitical relations in feudal Unlimited, or
9. sociopolitical relations in capitalist Different
10. sociopolitical relations in socialist One-party dictatorship
11. social-stratification relations in primitive Stratification
12. social-stratification in slaveholding small representation
13. social-stratification in feudal insignificant
14. social-stratification in capitalist Bankers
15. social-stratification in socialist Workers
16. Crowd is A temporary gathering
17. Natural disaster is… A sudden
18. Fads are … A temporary patterns
19. Fashion is … A pleasurable
20. A panic is… A fearful arousal
21. Crazes are … An exciting
22. A rumor is … A piece of
23. The term public refers to… A dispersed
24. The term public opinion refers to… Expressions
25. dramaturgical approach E.Goffman
26. “ideal type” M.Weber
27. Subject of sociology concrete stage
28. Alienation is a … A condition of estrangement
29. The first sociological perspective is… Positivism
30. Talcott Parsons Robert Merton Structural-functionalist perspective
31. Erving Goffman George Herbert Charles Horton Interactionist perspective
32. Social inequality is … A condition in which members
33. Hunting-and-gathering whatever foods and fibres
34. Horticultural plant seeds and crops
35. Agrarian society The most
36. Industrial society mechanization to
37. Postindustrial society engaged primarily
38. Innovation is new idea or object
39. Dysfunction is disrupt social system
40. Merton’s manifest function An open
41. Merton’s latent function An unconscious or
42. A research design detailed plan
43. Evolutionary theory has developed by… H.Spenser
44. Class system social ranking based
45. limitation of observation Limited to data
46. limitation of experiment Ethical limitations
47. limitation of survey is… Can be expensive
48. limitation of existing sources Involves months
49. Survey asking a relatively
50. Experiment An artificially created situation
51. Observation investigator collects
52. Interview is … A face-to-face
53. “mechanical solidarity”“organic solidarity” E.Durkheim
54. An ideal type is … A construct or model for evaluating specific cases
55. Basic steps Defining the
56. A sociological approach Conflict perspective
57. An economic system in which Capitalism
58. An economic under which the means Socialism
59. An economic under which all property Communism
60. A sample A selection from a larger
61. Object of sociological study is… Society
62. Horizontal mobility of the same rank
63. Vertical mobility of a different rank
64. “Capital” K.Marx
65. Primary group by intimate
66. Secondary group impersonal group
67. Small group to interact simultaneously
68. Class similar level
69. Community similar norms, values
70. Social institution of beliefs and behaviour
71. Founder of biological theory is H.Spenser
72. The main advantage of observation Yields direct
73. The main advantage of survey Yields detailed
74. The main advantage of experiment Yields information
75. The main advantage of existing sources is… Cost-efficiency
76. The final step in any research Developing the conclusion
77. The first step in any research Define the problem
78. The term “social stratification” was coined by … P.Sorokin
79. “Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism” M.Weber
80. Globalization is… The worldwide
81. The author of the dialectic theory K.Marx
82. “sociological imagination” C.W.Mills
83. Choose symbolic-interactionist p G.H.Mead and E Goffman
84. Choose structural-functionalist p T.Parsons and R.Merton
85. Capitalism is… An economic system in which
86. Socialism is… An economic system under which
87. Communism is… As an ideal type
88. Preindustrial city is … A city of only
89. Industrial city is … A relatively
90. Postindustrial city is … A city in
91. Stratification is… A structured ranking
92. Social structure is… society is organized into
93. economic determinism K.Marx
94. Bureaucracy is … A component of
95. In an experiment the subjects who are not introduced Control group
96. In an experiment the subjects who are exposed Experimental group
97. “class consciousness” A subjective awareness held
98. The terms _________________ and ______________ are often used interchangeably, but have nuances that differentiate them.
99. Culture and society
100. The American flag is a material object that denotes the United States of America; however, there are certain connotations that many associate with the flag, like bravery and freedom. In this example, what are bravery and freedom?
101. Nonmaterial culture
102. The belief that one’s culture is inferior to/worse than another culture is called:
103. Xenocentrism
104. Most cultures have been found to identify laughter as a sign of humor, joy, or pleasure. Likewise, most cultures recognize music in some form. Music and laughter are examples of:
105. ● Universalism
106. A nation’s flag is:
107. ● A symbol
108. The notion that people cannot feel or experience something that they do not have a word for can be explained by:
109. Sapir-Whorf
110. An example of high culture is ___________, whereas an example of popular culture would be ____________.
111. football; theatre
112. Your 83-year-old grandmother has been using a computer for some time now. As a way to keep in touch, you frequently send e-mails of a few lines to let her know about your day. She calls after every e-mail to respond point by point, but she has never e-mailed a response back. This can be viewed as an example of:
113. cultural lag
114. Which of the following occupations is a person of power most likely to have in an information society?
115. Software engineer
116. Organic solidarity is most likely to exist in which of the following types of societies?
117. Industrial
118. According to Marx, the _____ own the means of production in a society.
119. bourgeoisie
120. The concept of the iron cage was popularized by which of the following sociological thinkers?
121. Max Weber
122. Émile Durkheim’s ideas about society can best be described as ________.
123. functionalist
124. Socialization, as a sociological term, describes:
125. how people learn societal norms, beliefs, and values
126. What did Carol Gilligan believe earlier researchers into morality had overlooked?
127. The perspective of females
128. From a sociological perspective, which factor does not greatly influence a person’s socialization?
129. Blood type
130. Chris Langan’s story illustrates that:
131. socialization can be more important than intelligence
132. How do schools prepare children to one day enter the workforce?
133. All of the above
134. Which of the following is a manifest function of schools?
135. Learning to read and write
136. Which of the following is typically the earliest agent of socialization?
137. School
138. What is a group whose values, norms, and beliefs come to serve as a standard for one's own behavior?
139. Reference group
140. A parent who is worrying over her teenager’s dangerous and self-destructive behavior and low self-esteem may wish to look at her child’s:
141. All of the above
142. Two people who have just had a baby have turned from a _______ to a _________.
143. couple; family
144. Why do people join utilitarian organizations?
145. Because they receive a tangible benefit from joining
146. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of bureaucracies?
147. Coercion to join
148. Which of the following best describes how deviance is defined?
149. Deviance is socially defined.
150. Societies practice social control to maintain ________.
151. social order
152. One day, you decide to wear pajamas to the grocery store. While you shop, you notice people giving you strange looks and whispering to others. In this case, the grocery store patrons are demonstrating _______.
153. informal sanctions
154. According to C. Wright Mills, which of the following people is most likely to be a member of the power elite?
155. A senator
156. ______ deviance is a violation of norms that ______result in a person being labeled a deviant.
157. Primary; does not
158. Which of the following is an example of corporate crime?
159. EmbeZZlement
160. Spousal abuse is an example of a ________.
161. violent crime
162. The ________ can be directly attributed to the digital divide, because differential ability to access the internet leads directly to a differential ability to use the knowledge found on the internet.
163. knowledge gap
164. The fact that your cell phone is using outdated technology within a year or two of purchase is an example of ____________.
165. planned obsolescence
166. The history of technology began _________.
167. in the early stages of human societies
168. Which of the following is NOT a form of new media?
169. The cable television program Dexter
170. Comic books, Wikipedia, MTV, and a commercial for Coca-Cola are all examples of:
171. media
172. In the mid-90s, the U.S. government grew concerned that Microsoft was a _______________, exercising disproportionate control over the available choices and prices of computers.
173. monopoly
174. The government of __________ blocks citizens’ access to popular new media sites like Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter.
175. China
176. What factor makes caste systems closed?
177. People cannot change their social standings.
178..
179. What factor makes class systems open?
180. They allow for movement between the classes.
181. Which of these systems allows for the most social mobility?
182. Class
183. Which of the following scenarios is an example of intergenerational mobility?
184. An executive belongs to a different class than her parents.
185. Social stratification is a system that:
186. ranks society members into categories
187. When Karl Marx said workers experience alienation, he meant that workers:
188. do not feel connected to their work
189. Conflict theorists view capitalists as those who:
190. get rich while workers stay poor
191. A sociologist who focuses on the way that multinational corporations headquartered in core nations exploit the local workers in their peripheral nation factories is using a _________ perspective to understand the global economy.
192. conflict theory
193. A ____________ perspective theorist might find it particularly noteworthy that wealthy corporations improve the quality of life in peripheral nations by providing workers with jobs, pumping money into the local economy, and improving transportation infrastructure.
194. functional
195. A sociologist working from a symbolic interaction perspective would:
196. want to interview women working in factories to of their supervisors, make their households on a day-today basis
197. France might be classified as which kind of nation?
198. Core
199. In the past, the United States manufactured clothes. Many clothing corporations have shut down their American factories and relocated to China. This is an example of:
200. flight
201. Maya is a 12-year-old girl living in Thailand. She is homeless, and often does not know where she will sleep or when she will eat. We might say that Maya lives in _________ poverty.
202. absolute
203. Mike, a college student, rents a studio apartment. He cannot afford a television and lives on cheap groceries like dried beans and ramen noodles. Since he does not have a regular job, he does not own a car. Mike is living in:
204. relative poverty
205. Kate has a full-time job and two children. She has enough money for the basics and can pay her rent each month, but she feels that, with her education and experience, her income should be enough for her family to live much better than they do. Kate is experiencing:
206. subjective poverty
207. Dependency theorists explain global inequality and global stratification by focusing on the way that:
208. core nations exploit peripheral nations
209. What is the one defining feature of a minority group?
210. Lack of power
211. Ethnicity describes shared:
212. any of the above
213. Which of the following is an example of a numerical majority being treated as a subordinate group?
214. Blacks under Apartheid in South Africa
215. Scapegoat theory shows that:
216. dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems
217. Stereotypes can be based on:
218. all of the above
219. What is discrimination?
220. Biased actions against an individual or group
221. Which of the following is the best explanation of racism as a social fact?
222. It does not need the actions of individuals to continue.
223. Which intergroup relation displays the least tolerance?
224. Genocide
225. What intergroup relationship is represented by the “salad bowl” metaphor?
226. Pluralism
227. Amalgamation is represented by the _____________ metaphor.
228. melting pot
229. Sociologists tend to define family in terms of:
230. how a given society sanctions the marriage, or adoption
231. A woman being married to two men would be an example of:
232. polyandry
233. A child who associates his line of descent with his father’s side only is part of a _____ society.
234. patrilineal
235. Which of the following is a criticism of the family life cycle model?
236. It is too narrowly focused on a sequence of stages.
237. What are the major factors affecting education systems throughout the world?
238. Resources and money
239. What do nations that are top-ranked in science and math have in common?
240. They recruit top teachers.
241. Informal education _________________.
242. refers to the learning of cultural norms
243. Which of the following is not a manifest function of education?
244. Courtship
245. Because she plans on achieving success in marketing, Tammie is taking courses on managing social media. This is an example of ________.
246. social placement
247. Which theory of education focuses on the ways in which education maintains the status quo?
248. Conflict theory
249. Which theory of education focuses on the labels acquired through the educational process?
250. Symbolic interactionism
251. Functionalist theory sees education as serving the needs of _________.
252. ● All of the above
253. What term describes the separation of students based on merit?
254. ● Sorting
255. Conflict theorists see sorting as a way to ________.
256. Perpetuate divisions of socioeconomic status
257. Conflict theorists see IQ tests as being biased. Why?
258. ● They reward affluent students with questions that assume knowledge associated with upper-class culture.
259. Which statement best expresses the difference between power and authority?
260. ● Authority is based on the perceived legitimacy of the individual in power.
261. Which of the following types of authority does not reside primarily in a leader?
262. ● Legal-rational
263. In the U.S. Senate, it is customary to assign each senator a seniority ranking based on years of government service and the population of the state he or she represents. A top ranking gives the senator priority for assignments to office space, committee chair positions, and seating on the senate floor. What type of authority does this example best illustrate?
264. ● Traditional
265. Which current world figure has the least amount of political power?
266. ● Queen Elizabeth II
267. Which statement best expresses why there have been so few charismatic female leaders throughout history?
268. ● Few women have had the opportunity to hold leadership roles over the course of history.
269. Many constitutional monarchies started out as:
270. ● Absolute monarchies
271. Which nation is an absolute monarchy?
272. ● Oman
273. Which of the following present and former government leaders is generally considered a dictator?
274. ● Kim Jong-Un
275. A(n) _________________ is an extremely oppressive government that seeks to control all aspects of its citizens’ lives.
276. ● Totalitarian dictatorship
277. Which is not a characteristic of a democracy?
278. ● A king or queen holds the majority of governmental control.
279. Which statement best expresses why the United States is not a “true” democracy?
280. ● Citizens elect representatives who vote on their behalf to make policy.
281. Which concept corresponds best to functionalism?
282. ● Interdependence
i. Karl Marx believed social structures evolve out of:
283. ● Competition
284. The Arab Spring and Occupy Wall Street protests the following in common:
285. ● They are examples of conflict theory in action.
286. Which of the following paradigms would consider movements such as Occupy Wall Street undesirable and unnecessarily forcing social change?
i. ● Functionalism
287. What is sociology?
a. c) it is science of society and human beings
288. Which one is object of sociology?
289. d) Community or b) it is society, human beings and social interaction
290. Which one is not object of sociology?
291. c) Psychology
292. 4. What are the levels of sociology?
293. d) Micro and macro
294. 5. Which are levels of sociology?
295. Macro and micro
296. 6. Who is the author of western sociology?
a. Comte
297. 7. What’s functionalism?
a. It regards society as one organism with different functions
298. 8. What is conflict method in sociology?
299. b) It looks to society where different elements in struggle to satisfy
300. 9. What’s methodology?
301. ‘How’
302. 10. What is content analysis?
a. it researches frequently met words, phrases, ideas
303. 11. What is event analysis?
a. it researches frequently met cases and events or c) it researches news
304. 12. What’s observation?
a. it researches certain sociological object for certain period of time
305. 13. Who has initiated division of power into executive, legislative and judicial?
306. Montesquieu
307. 14. According to Montesquieu, republic is headed by
308. elected figure
309. 15. According to Rousseau what is the source of conflict among people?
310. b) economic development
311. 16. Who is the author of Social Contract?
312. d) Rousseau
313. 17. Who is the founder of Western Sociology?
314. Comte
315. 18. Who is author of class struggle?
316. Marx
317. 19. What is division of society according to Marx?
318. d) capitalist and proletariat
319. 20. What is ultimate goal of society development according to Marx?
320. b) capitalism
321. 21. Who is author of Open Society and its Enemies?
322. d) Popper
323. 22. What is division of societies according to Popper?
324. b) Open and close
325. 23. Who is Greatest Master of China?
326. d) Confucius
327. 24. Who is author of Asabiya?
328. c) Ibn Khaldun
329. 25. Who is the author of 4 generation change?
330. Ibn Khaldun
331. 26. What is ultimate goal of society development according to Al-Farabi?
332. c) virtuous society
333. 27. Musical therapy is authored by
334. b. Al Farabi
335. 28. What is Drama approach?
336. b) Life is theatre
337. 29. What is nuclear family?
338. b) family with man, woman and children as focus
339. 30. One difference between sociologists and journalists is that
340. c) sociologists don’t worry about their reports being popular
341. 31. What is the main difference between sociology and social work?
342. c) Social workers help people solve their problems while sociologists try to understand why the problems exist
343. 32. The term sociology dates back to the philosopher of ancient Greece
a. Aristotle
344. 33. August Comte invented the term “sociology”
a. true
345. 34. Karl Marx thought that the most important fact about social class was the lifestyle a person chose
346. b) false
347. 35. Max Weber maintained that a system of beliefs he called “the Protestant Ethic” enabled the development of capitalism where the “ethic” existed\
a. True
348. 36. Functionalists view society as a system of highly interrelated parts that generally operate together Harmoniously
a. True
349. 37. Durkheim identified three types of suicide based on
350. c) the involvement or lack thereof with social groups
351. 38. Kamikaze pilots and suicide bombers exemplify which type of suicide?
352. c) altruistic
353. 39. Durkheim would say that Kamikaze pilots and suicide bombers were products of
354. An ideology of evil and hate
355. 40. According to Marx all history is the history of
a. class struggle
356. 41. Sociologists try to provide answers to two general questions: “Why did it happen?” and “Under what circumstances is it likely to happen again?”
357. True
358. 42. Consultants for political candidates often use polls to judge how their candidate’s positions are being perceived by the public. This method of research is closest to
359. interviews
360. 43. Culture is transmitted to children by DNA and other genetic material
361. False
362. 44. The view that “time is money” is an example of
363. d) a nonmaterial aspect of culture
364. 45. The gift of a clock is a sign of respect in the U.S.; in China it is considered bad luck. This shows that the two countries differ in their
365. b) material culture
366. 46. In American culture, such things as freedom, individualism, and equal opportunity are deemed to be highly
367. desirable. In sociological terms these concepts are
368. values
369. 47. In Kazakh culture, such things as respect of elders, hospitality, politeness, modesty are deemed to be highly desirable. In sociological terms these concepts are
370. values
371. 48. The belief that Kazakhstan is land of peace, stability and harmony for all is part of the Kazakh
a. ideology
372. 49. The belied that America is land of opportunity for all is part of the American
a. ideology
373. 50. Resocialization often involves exposure to people with ideas and values different from those that a person was raised with
a. true
374. 51. Young people who feel ignored by their parents seem to be more vulnerable to peer pressure
a. true
375. 52. The process of social interaction that teaches a child the intellectual, physical, and social skills needed to function as a member of society is called
376. c) socialization
377. 53. To an observer, two people engaging in a fistfight on the street would mean something entirely different from the same two people fighting in a boozing ring. This illustrates how the meaning of social interaction is dependent on
378. d) context
379. 54. In a large lecture class, it is generally expected that students will raise their hands and be called upon before speaking. This illustrates the operation of
380. b) norms
381. 55. Staring, smiling, nodding one’s head and using one’s hands while talking are all examples of
a. nonverbal communication
382. 56. Using power in a way that is not considered legitimate by those on whom it is used is called
383. d) coercion
384. 57
385. Socially defined positions such as teacher, student, athlete, and daughter are called statuses
386. b) false
387. 58. Polyandry is a very rare form of family structure, existing in only a few societies
a. true
388. 59. Patriarchy and matriarchy refer to
389. c) the distribution of power between men and women in the family
390. 60. A (n)____ family structure consists of a married couple and their children
391. b) nuclear
392. 61. A society that traces descent through the mother’s side of the family would be characterized as a _______ system
393. b) matrilineal
394. 62. Khan and Gul are married. They have two children and live with Asemhan’s brother’s family. This is an example of a(n)_______family.
a. extended
395. 63. An example of a social group would be:
396. baseball team
397. 64. Which of the following is a characteristic of social groups?
398. d. All of these choices are correct.
399. 65. Which of the following is not an example of a primary group?
400. d. a neighborhood group
401. 66. Which sociologist was responsible for the first study of bureaucracies?
a. Michels or Spencer
402. 67. Under the iron rule of oligarchy, organizations eventually:
403. b. become dominated by a self-serving group of people who have achieved positions of power.
404. 68. Strangers waiting in line to check out at a department store would be called a:
405. b. social aggregate.
406. 69. Which of the following is true about reference groups?
407. e)the answer is not given
408. 70. In his friendship group, Max is considered the dominant member and exerts a lot of influence
409. over the other members of the group. He would be identified as the group's:
410. d. leader.
411. 71. The development of an oligarchy could be avoided by:
412. d. all of these choices are correct.
413. 72. Deviant behavior is behavior which is:
414. c. violates the norms of society in which it occurs.
415. 73. Other people's responses to a person's behavior in the form of rewards and punishments can be defined as:
416. c. external means of control.
417. 74. Gossip about a neighbor's affair with his secretary would be an example of a(n):
418. c. informal negative sanction.
419. 75. Which sociological theory of deviance suggests that the likelihood of deviance can be
420. decreased by increasing the social bond between the individual and society?
421. c. cultural transmission theory
422. 76. Which of the following is not a goal of the prison system?
i. elimination of all criminals
423. 77. An example of property crime is:
424. c. burglary.
425. 78. According to the conflict approach, norms, values and laws:
426. d. none of these choices.
427. 79. Which of the following is true about white-collar crime?
428. c. White-collar offenses have a greater economic impact on society than do street crimes.
429. 80. Which of the following is not true about culture?
430. b. It is inborn.
431. 81. When an individual has difficulty in adjusting to a new culture, he or she is experiencing:
432. d. culture shock.
433. 82. The term ethnocentrism refers to the tendency to:
434. d. judge others according to your own customs and values.
435. 83. Studying cultures on their own terms in order to make valid comparisons is:
i. cultural relativism.
436. 84. The shelters we live in and the clothes we wear to protect us from the cold would be examples of:
437. d. material culture.
438. 85. Murder, incest and child beating would all be examples of violations of:
i. mores.
439. 86. Values are best described as:
440. norms that allow for differences in individual behavior
441. 87. A rite of passage is:
442. b. movement from one cultural trait to another
443. 88. An immigrant group that has maintained their identity and traditions is a/an:
444. c. ethnic subculture.
445. 89. A pattern that has developed in all populations and cultures is a:
i. cultural universal.
446. 90. The presence of McDonald's in other countries such as Saudi Arabia and India is an example
447. of:
448. b. diffusion
449. 91. In e-mails, people will often use characters like:-) or:-(to express their emotions. These are examples of:
i. symbols.
450. 92. Sociologists term the ability to carry out one's will, even in the face of opposition as:
451. b. force.
452. 93. Charismatic authority differs from other authority in that it is derived from:
453. d. the ruler's ability to inspire the follower.
454. 94. Regardless of his personal abilities or popularity, Charles, Prince of Wales, would become King of England when his mother, Elizabeth II, abdicates the throne or dies. This is an example of which form of authority?
a. monarch
455. 95. Which of the following is not a function of the state?
456. c. Providing social security funding.
457. 96. An autocracy exists when:
458. b. the ultimate authority is with one person.
459. 97. Find a type of state
a. democracy
460. 98. Find a type of state
a. totalitarism
461. 99. Politics is
462. b) the process by which power is distributed and decisions are made
463. 100. Authority is
a. power is regarded as legitimate
464. 101. Theories of crime and deviance include
465. c) biological
466. 102. Theories of crime and deviance include
a. sociological
467. 103. Types of crime include
468. c) juvenile
469. 104. Commandments of mafia include
470. d) do not cooperate with cops
471. 105. Functions of education include
472. c) cultural transmission
473. 106. Functions of education include
474. c) academic skills and innovation
475. 107. Functions of education include
476. c) social control
477. 108. Functions of education include
478. c) socialization
479. 109. Silicon valley is in
480. c) California
481. 110. Components of culture include
482. d) material and non material
483. 111. The author of Iron Law of Oligarchy
a. Michels
484. 112. A (n) ____ consists of a number of people who have a common identity, some feeling of unity, and certain common goals and shared norms
485. c) social group
486. 113. Types of person according to Efimov
487. c) animal, zombie, devil, human being
488. 114. Types of person according to prof. Tal
489. d) nihilist, hedonist, rat racer, happy
490. 115. A (n) ___ indicated tasks or status that should be held at certain age.
a. cultural watch
491. 116. Types of marriage
492. d) exogamic
493. 117. Types of marriage
494. d) polyandry
495. 118. Types of marriage
496. b) monogamy
497. 119. Types of marriage
498. b) polygamy
499. 120. Type of family
500. c) extended family
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