Planning approaches.

Manager use strategic, tactical, operational goals to direct employees and resources toward achieving specific outcomes that enable the org. to perform effectively and efficiently.

1. MBO is a planning approach in which employees actively participate in setting goals that are tangible,verifiable,measurable. MBO assures that all employees and work groups set goals that are in alignment with achieving the organization’s goals

2. single-use plans-plans that are developed to achieve such goals that are not likely tobe repeated in the future,typically include programs and projects. Examples: building new office, renovating the office, converting all paper files to digital, setting up a company intranet.

3. standing plans -ongoing plans that are used to provide guidance for tasks performaed repeatedly within the org. Standing plans include organizational policies, rules, and procedures. They generally focus on such matters as employee illness, absences, discipline, hiring, and dismissal.

4. contingency plans –plans that define company responses to specific situations and unpredictable events. To develop contingency plans managers must identify important factors in the environment, such as possible economic downturns, declining markets, increases in cost of supplies, new technological developments, or safety accidents. Managers then forecast a range of alternative responses to the most likely high impact contingencies, focusing on the worst case. Example: if sales fall 20% what will the company do? If market prices drop 8%, what will company do? What the company will do if country’s economic growth slowed by % a year?

Дата добавления: 2015-08-27