Exercise 7: Translate these sentences into Russian.

1 It is essential that many businesses within each nation produce what is most suitable to their region.

2 It is not surprising that a strong competition for customers makes compa­nies spend much money on production modernization and innovations.

3 The practice shows that it is natural for wholesalers to distribute goods in large quantities, usually to retailers for resale (перепродажа).

4 Economists say it is desirable that the share of country's imports should not exceed its exports.

5 It is expected that the government restrictions should be imposed on foreign trade in some situations to protect national interests.

6 It is important for American economy to promote trade in two main areas such as agriculture and services but European countries are un­willing (несклонный) to open their markets to American companies.

7 For poor countries it is advisable that different incentives be provided for domestic producers who will use the country's scarce resources in their business.

8 It is recommended that trade should be in balance and the foreign exchange market should be in equilibrium, each country having a com­parative advantage in at least (по крайней мере) one good.

9 As foreign trade involves international payments, it is important that exchange rates and the balance of payment be examined.

10 The European Community has declared that it is necessary to support the liberal and democratic reforms of its eastern neighbors.

11 It is clear that the free trade agreement of the USA with Mexico will enable American producers to expand sales in Mexico.

12 It was necessary to provide the country with extra foreign aid after the earthquake.

Exercise 8: Fill in the gaps with the words from the box (verbs or nouns):

produce- to produce record- to record subject- to subject use - to use present- to present survey- to survey import- to import export- to export

1 The goods bought or sold from abroad such as foodstuffs, machines, medicines, consumer goods are called visible... or....

2 A developing nation tries... more of its own capital and finished goods though the export of agricultural... and natural resources is still one of the important items in its foreign trade.

3 The goods produced by the members of the European Economic Com­munity are not... to high taxes and sometimes are free of duty (не облагаются пошлиной).

4 It is important... the information about any transaction accurately and in due time.

5 Periodical... of goods quality and their acceptance by customers is very useful for predicting main trends in the market.

6 Proper... of monetary policies and indexation often help to reduce the rate of inflation.

7 A fully developed industrial nation tends... capital as foreign aid, pri­vate foreign investment and private bank lending.

8 Producers can... different methods of selling their goods either through retailing or wholesaling.

9 Economics is a complex... and it is difficult to give a simple definition to it.

10 It is easier to compare and analyze the production and the sales figures if they... as graphs or in tables.

11 Nowadays it is more convenient to store... about inputs and expenses using a computer.

12 It is necessary... the situation in the market before starting your own business.

Exercise 9: Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the different meanings of the word throughout:

1 Delays in the supply of any of production components may cause hold­ups (задержки, остановки) throughout the industry.

2 It is known that Germany experienced (испытывать) hyperinflation throughout 1923 and by the end of that year prices were one million times greater than their pre-war level.

3 Since the last quarter of the 18th century and throughout the following centuries there has been a great migration of people from the country to town, a movement still taking place now.

4 It is necessary that the government should establish special training cen­tres throughout the country where redundant (уволенный, потерявший работу) workers can learn new skills.

5 A sharp slowing in the rate of population growth is sure to be taking place throughout most Western countries now.

6 The exchange rate of American currency was maintained at the same level throughout the week.

7 Government bodies (Правительственные органы) in the USA are known to regulate the prices for services offered and the rates charged for many public utilities such as gas, electricity and telephone compa­nies throughout the country.

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