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1.to approve a) a country or system of government consists of a group of states which are also controlled by a single national government which makes decisions on foreign affairs
2. appointment b) someone who has been chosen to speak, vote or make decision for someone else
3. the Cabinet c) a member of a senate
4. politician d) when people vote to choose someone for an official position
5. representative e) head of the state
6. politics f) the person next in rank below the President who can represent him or act instead of him
7. minority g) the politicians with important positions in a government
8. majority h) to officially accept a plan, a proposal etc.
9. federal i) when someone is chosen for a position or a job
10. President j) someone who works in politics, especially an elected member of the government
11. ceremonial k) when one person or a group wins more votes than other people or groups
12. Vice-President l) ideas and activities relating to gaining and using power in a country
13. election m) the position which gives no real power
14. senator n) a small group of people within a much larger group
— 7. Speak on the following issues:
1. “There is only one thing worse than being talked about, and that is not being talked about”. (Oscar Wilde)
2. “Politics are too serious a matter to be left to the politicians”. (Charles de Gaulle)
3. “A celebrity is a person who works hard all his life to become well-known, then wears dark glasses to avoid being recognized”. (Fred Allen)
4. “A politician is an acrobat – he keeps his balance by saying the opposite of what he does”. (Maurice Barres)
5. “Money can’t buy friends, but you get a better class of enemy”. (Spike Milligan)
THE CONSTITUTION OF UKRAINE
— 8. Work in pairs. Answer the following questions:
1. What is the meaning of the word “Constitution”?
2. What do you think the Constitution of Ukraine includes, establishes and assures?
3. Do you think the country can function without any Constitution?
& 9. Read the text about the Constitution of Ukraine, pay your attention to the vocabulary in bold, make sure you study the language of the text to be competent in further exercises and discussions, be ready to give full answers to the questions under the text.
Governed by the Act of Ukraine’s Independence of August 24, 1991, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on behalf of the Ukrainian people adopted the Constitution – the fundamental Law on June 28, 1996.
The Constitution establishes the country’s political system, assures rights, freedom and duties of citizens, and is the basis for its laws.
It asserts that Ukraine is a sovereign and independent, democratic, social, legal state. It is a Unitarian state with single citizenship.
The people are the only source of power which is exercised directly and through the bodies of state power and local self-government.
The land, mineral raw materials, air space, water and other natural resources which are on the territory of Ukraine are objects of the property right of the Ukrainian people.
The state language in Ukraine is Ukrainian.
The state symbols of Ukraine are the National Flag, the National Emblem and the National Anthem of Ukraine. The National Flag is a rectangular cloth with two equal horizontal stripes, the upper coloured blue and the lower golden yellow. The National Emblem of Ukraine is a golden Tryzub on a blue shield.
The Constitution states that every person has the right to the free development of his/her personality, and has obligations before society where free and full development of the personality is assured. Citizens have equal Constitutional rights and freedoms and are equal before the law. There are no privileges or restrictions based upon face, colour of skin, political and other belief, gender, ethic and social origin, property, ownership, position, place of residence, language, religion.
The articles of the Constitution guarantee the rights to life, personal inviolability and the inviolability of dwelling, non-interference in private and family life, free choice of residence, work, rest, education, social security, housing, health protection, medical care and medical insurance, legal assistance, a safe and healthy environment.
Defence of the Motherland, of the independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine, and respect for the state’s symbols are the duty of citizens. Citizens of Ukraine perform military services in compliance with the law. No person may damage the environment, cultural heritage. Every person shall pay taxes in the order and amount determined by law.
The Constitution outlines the structure of the national government and specifies its powers and duties. Under the Constitution the powers of the government are divided into three branches – the legislative, which consists of the Verkhovna Rada, the executive, headed by the President, and the judicial, which is exercised by the Supreme Court.
The Parliament (the Verkhovna Rada) is the only body of the legislative power in Ukraine. There are 450 people’s deputies who are elected for a term of four years on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot.
The Verkhovna Rada’s main function is making laws. Law drafting work is performed by its Committees.
The Verkhovna Rada adopts the State Budget for the period from January 1 to December 31 and controls the execution of it. The monetary unit of Ukraine is the Hryvnia.
The President of Ukraine is the head of the state and speaks on behalf of it. He is elected directly by the voters for a term of five years with no more than two full terms.
The highest body of the executive power is the Cabinet of Ministers. It is responsible to the President and is accountable to the Verkhovna Rada. It carries out domestic and foreign policy of the State, the fulfillment of the Constitution, as well as the acts of the President, develops and fulfills national programs on the economic, scientific and technological, social and cultural development of Ukraine.
1. When was the Act of Ukraine’s Independence adopted?
2. Whom do the land, mineral raw materials, air space, water and other natural resources belong to?
3. What rights does the Constitution guarantee?
4. What duties should be done by the citizens of Ukraine?
5. How are the powers of the government divided?
6. What is the Verkhovna Rada’s main function?
7. What are the duties of the Cabinet of Ministers?
10. Explain the meanings of the following word combinations in English and use them to speak about the Constitution:
1. to assure rights 8. personal inviolability
2. to assert independence 9. territorial integrity
3. to have obligations 10. on behalf of
4. to be based on 11. law drafting work
5. to outline the structure 12. to be responsible to
6. non-interference 13. to be accountable to
7. legal assistance 14. to ballot
11. Translate into English:
Приймати документ, основний закон, забезпечувати права, громадянство, захищати/обстоювати, самоврядування, сировина, природні ресурси, об’єкти права власності, вільно розвивати свою особистість, підзвітність, привілей, власність, місце проживання, гарантувати, невтручання в справи, соціальний захист, право на житло, соціальне походження, посада, охорона здоров’я, медичне страхування, безпечне та здорове середовище, зашкодити середовищу, сплачувати податки, культурна спадщина, законодавча гілка влади, судова гілка влади, загальне виборче право, розробляти проект, виконання програми, вищий орган виконавчої влади.
12. Transcribe the following words, read them, give their definitions and memorize them: behalf, rectangular, horizontal, tryzub, ethic, legislative, executive, judicial, execution, monetary
13. Think of a match on the left (based on the text) to appropriate definition on the right:
1. __ a) to make somebody certain that something will
happen
2. __ b) treated with respect and should not be broken
3. __ c) the legal right of belonging to a particular country
4. __ d) the thing or things that someone owns
5. __ e) protection from bad things that could happen
6. __ f) to state firmly that something is true
7. __ g) the right to vote
8. __ h) to formally approve a proposal, amendment etc.,
especially by voting
9. __ i) moral rules or principles of behavior for deciding
what is wrong or right
10. __ j) the traditional beliefs, values, customs etc. of a family, country or society
11. __ k) the state of being united as one complete thing
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