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Avoid catastrophe

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Another firm of structural engi­neers, Casper, Phillips & Associ­ates (CP&A), reports that a crane designed to meet its catastrophic load condition is able to resist the largest earthquake. A heavier and hence more costly steel structure is required but, says CP&A, when owners are asked if this is a price they are willing to pay for added protection, they usually accept it.

Having said this, the massive Kobe reconstruction project will be a fantastic consumer of steel. Steel prices seem set to rise sharply. This is bound to impact on the cost of large steel struc­tures such as cranes and the dif­ferential between a light and a heavy crane is going to widen.

When a crane is not tied down, says CP&A, the earthquake loads are limited to the load needed to tip the crane onto two legs. Once the crane starts to lift, says Bill Casper, the load cannot increase further because the addi­tional seismic energy is absorbed by the raising of the crane’s cen­tre of gravity.

The crane cannot tip over be­cause a fraction of a second later the load reverses. Earthquake tip­ping load is between 50 and 100 per cent of the crane weight de­pending on railspan and crane height. When the crane tips onto two legs they have to support the entire weight of the crane; other­wise the crane collapses and falls to the ground.

If the crane has been tied down, continues CP&A, there is no limit to the earthquake load­ing except that it will peak when the structure is absorbing energy as fast as seismic energy impinges on it. In a large earthquake this happens when parts of the steel structure are being plastically bent back and forth.

Earthquake forces increase in proportion to the strength of the crane, up to the severity limit of the earthquake itself. If the earth­quake is strong enough to bend all four legs, the crane is likely to collapse to the ground.

From the point of view of earthquake protection, then, tying down the crane is the worst thing to do. The situation is exactly analo­gous to the concept of “seismic iso­lation” for buildings.

Exactly one year to the day be­fore the Kobe disaster, on 17 Janu­ary 1994, a 6.7 Richter scale earth­quake severely damaged 31 Los Angeles area hospitals but the USC University Hospital, the world’s first “seismically isolated” building, rode out the earthquake with no dam­age at all.

Similarly, in the Kobe quake, the 6-storey West Japan Computer Center located 20 miles west of the city cen­tre and one of the world’s largest seismically isolated structures (ie the equivalent of a crane free to lift on the rails), suffered no damage at all. The peak force accelerations at the roof were lower by a factor of up to 9 (ie 0.07g-0.01g compared to 0.67g-0.97g) than those of a similar-sized but conventional fixed base building (equivalent to a tied crane).

 

Earthquake protection for cranes and quays will be ad­dressed at TOC Asia in Sin­gapore in April by Bill Casper of Casper, Phillips & Associ­ates (CP&A) and Liftech Consultants’ Mike Jordan. CP&A has a specific crane design to cater for catastrophic loads while Liftech, whose crane designs include the Mitsubishi-built post-Panamax cranes at APL’s terminal in Kobe, was appointed by the carrier to assess the damage to its facilities in the port. Shunichi Yano, managing director of NYK Singapore Pte will also address the long term implications of the Kobe disaster at TOC Asia. NYK’s new facility on Rokko opened only last year.

 

KEYS

UNIT 1

 

1. 1 – c 2. 1 – a 9 – n 3. 1 – c 4. 1 – c 5. 1 – c

2 – b 2 – d 10 – e 2 – a 2 – c 2 – d

3 – d 3 – b 11 – m 3 – b 3 – b 3 – a

4 – a 4 – f 12 – l 4 – d 4 – a 4 – a

5 – d 5 – h 13 – k 5 – c 5 – d 5 – d

6 – b 6 – g 14 – j 6 – b 6 – b 6 – b

7 – a 7 – p 15 – o 7 – a

8 – d 8 – i 16 – c 8 – d

9 – b

10 – c

 

6. 1 – c 7. 1 – c 8. 1 – 23 9 – 22 17 – 14 25 – 7

2 – b 2 – a 2 – 31 10 – 9 18 – 4 26 – 33

3 – a 3 – d 3 – 29 11 – 17 19 – 8 27 – 1

4 – d 4 – b 4 – 15 12 – 18 20 – 25 28 – 24

5 – b 5 – b 5 – 28 13 – 21 21 – 27 29 – 12

6 – b 6 – a 6 – 2 14 – 13 22 – 11 30 – 3

7 – a 7 – c 7 – 19 15 – 16 23 – 20

8 – d 8 – 26 16 – 30 24 – 6

 

UNIT 2

1. 1 – c 2. 1 – b 11 – l 3. 1 – d 4. 1 – a 5. 1 – b

2 – b 2 – s 12 – o 2 – b 2 – c 2 – d

3 – d 3 – g 13 – n 3 – c 3 – d 3 – a

4 – a 4 – c 14 – m 4 – b 4 – b 4 – c

5 – a 5 – j 15 – p 5 – a 5 – b 5 – a

6 – d 6 – t 16 – f 6 – c 6 – d 6 – b

7 – c 7 – q 17 – e 7 – a 7 – a 7 – a

8 – b 8 – k 18 – r 8 – d 8 – d 8 – c

9 – a 9 – d 19 – i 9 – b 9 – c 9 – d

10 – c 10 – a 20 – h 10 – c 10 – c 10 – c

 

6. 1 – 10 11 – 14 21 – 19

2 – 11 12 – 3 22 – 31

3 – 20 13 – 13 23 – 17

4 – 8 14 – 5 24 – 29

5 – 23 15 – 18 25 – 12

6 – 9 16 – 7 26 – 21

7 – 22 17 – 25 27 – 16

8 – 15 18 – 33 28 – 27

9 – 1 19 – 4 29 – 6

10 – 32 20 – 28 30 – 2

UNIT 3

 

1. 1 – d 2. 1 – a 11 – e 3. 1 – c 11 – e 4. 1 – b

2 – a 2 – l 12 – j 2 – a 12 – j 2 – a

3 – b 3 – k 13 – i 3 – m 13 – l 3 – d

4 – a 4 – h 14 – m 4 – n 14 – b 4 – b

5 – c 5 – p 15 – b 5 – f 15 – d 5 – c

6 – c 6 – q 16 – o 6 – k 16 – p 6 – a

7 – b 7 – d 17 – r 7 – g 7 – d

8 – d 8 – f 18 – s 8 – i 8 – c

9 – d 9 – n 19 – c 9 – o 9 – b

10 – b 10 – g 20 – t 10 – h 10 – c

 

5. 1 – b 6. 1 – d 7. 1 – 4 11 – 12 21 – 17

2 – a 2 – d 2 – 22 12 – 26 22 – 30

3 – d 3 – b 3 – 5 13 – 2 23 – 14

4 – b 4 – a 4 – 15 14 – 20 24 – 32

5 – c 5 – c 5 – 29 15 – 7 25 – 1

6 – a 6 – b 6 – 8 16 – 23 26 – 13

7 – d 7 – c 7 – 33 17 – 18 27 – 19

8 – c 8 – a 8 – 25 18 – 16 28 – 27

9 – a 9 – d 9 – 11 19 – 24 29 – 9

10 – b 10 – b 10 – 28 20 – 3 30 – 10

 

UNIT 4

 

1. 1 – d 2. 1 – q 11 – f 3. 1 – c 4. 1 – a 5. 1 – b

2 – b 2 – g 12 – a 2 – a 2 – c 2 – a

3 – a 3 – o 13 – c 3 – a 3 – c 3 – c

4 – b 4 – p 14 – e 4 – b 4 – b 4 – c

5 – c 5 – h 15 – l 5 – b 5 – d 5 – d

6 – a 6 – s 16 – d 6 – d 6 – b

7 – c 7 – b 17 – r 7 – b 7 – d

8 – d 8 – m 18 – t 8 – c 8 – a

9 – a 9 – j 19 – i 9 – d 9 – c

10 – b 10 – k 20 – n 10 – a

6. 1 – 24 11 – 12 21 – 26

2 – 25 12 – 16 22 – 20

3 – 21 13 – 6 23 – 10

4 – 5 14 – 15 24 – 22

5 – 14 15 – 30 25 – 3

6 – 19 16 – 11 26 – 8

7 – 13 17 – 31 27 – 29

8 – 2 18 – 27 28 – 17

9 – 1 19 – 23 29 – 31

10 – 28 20 – 7 30 – 4

UNIT 5

 

1. 1 – a 2. 1 – b 3. 1 – c 4. 1 – d 5. 1 – 7 11 – 25 21 – 11

2 – c 2 – c 2 – b 2 – a 2 – 1 12 – 3 22 – 17

3 – c 3 – c 3 – d 3 – d 3 – 23 13 – 31 23 – 33

4 – b 4 – a 4 – b 4 – b 4 – 24 14 – 28 24 – 22

5 – d 5 – d 5 – a 5 – c 5 – 16 15 – 13 25 – 32

6 – d 6 – 27 16 – 10 26 – 29

7 – b 7 – 15 17 – 9 27 – 30

8 – a 8 – 5 18 – 26 28 – 20

9 – b 9 – 14 19 – 2 29 – 12

10 – c 10 – 19 20 – 4 30 – 21

 

UNIT 6

 

1. 1 – c 2. 1 – n 11 – b 3. 1 – b 4. 1 – d 5. 1 – a

2 – d 2 – t 12 – o 2 – c 2 – a 2 – d

3 – b 3 – r 13 – a 3 – a 3 – b 3 – a

4 – d 4 – p 14 – q 4 – d 4 – c 4 – b

5 – a 5 – j 15 – c 5 – a 5 – a 5 – c

6 – c 6 – m 16 – l

7 – c 7 – e 17 – k

8 – b 8 – s 18 – f

9 – a 9 – g 19 – i

10 – b 10 – h 20 – d

 

6. 1 – c 7. 1 – 21 11 – 6 21 – 22

2 – a 2 – 23 12 – 30 22 – 24

3 – d 3 – 20 13 – 1 23 – 26

4 – c 4 – 3 14 – 32 24 – 8

5 – b 5 – 12 15 – 10 25 – 27

6 – 25 16 – 14 26 – 7

7 – 19 17 – 17 27 – 16

8 – 31 18 – 9 28 – 2

9 – 29 19 – 4 29 – 18

10 – 15 20 – 11 30 – 33

 

UNIT 7

1. 1 – с 2. 1 – k 11 – s 3. 1 – b 4. 1 – a 5. 1 – b

2 – a 2 – d 12 – f 2 – c 2 – b 2 – c

3 – d 3 – g 13 – e 3 – a 3 – b 3 – a

4 – b 4 – r 14 – b 4 – d 4 – c 4 – c

5 – a 5 – n 15 – h 5 – b 5 – d 5 – d

6 – d 6 – i 16 – q

7 – b 7 – j 17 – t

8 – c 8 – o 18 – c

9 – a 9 – p 19 – l

10 – c 10 – m 20 – a

 

 

6. 1 – b 7. 1 – 21 11 – 9 21 – 2

2 – a 2 – 22 12 – 28 22 – 32

3 – d 3 – 18 13 – 4 23 – 16

4 – b 4 – 1 14 – 26 24 – 25

5 – c 5 – 12 15 – 31 25 – 17

6 – 29 16 – 19 26 – 13

7 – 24 17 – 3 27 – 23

8 – 33 18 – 20 28 – 30

9 – 15 19 – 11 29 – 5

10 – 7 20 – 6 30 – 10

 

 

REFERENCES

 

Cargo systems, January 2004

Cargo systems, June 2004

Cargo systems, August 2004

Cargo systems, September 2004

Cargo systems, October 2004

Cargo systems, January/February 2005

Cargo systems, April 2005

Cargo systems, June 2005

Cargo systems, July/August 2005

Cargo systems, September 2005

Cargo systems, November 2005

WorldCargo news, February 1995

WorldCargo news, October 1995

WorldCargo news, June 1997

WorldCargo news, July 1997

WorldCargo news, August 1997

WorldCargo news, January 1998

WorldCargo news, August 2003

WorldCargo news, August 2004

WorldCargo news, November 2004

WorldCargo news, January 2005

WorldCargo news, February 2005

WorldCargo news, May 2005

WorldCargo news, June 2005

WorldCargo news, July 2005

WorldCargo news, August 2005

WorldCargo news,October 2005

International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation, Seaways, October, 2007

Seaspeak Training Manual. – Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1989. – 298 p.

IMO Resolution A.918(22). IMO standard marine communication phrases. London, 2001. – 104 p.

Стандартные фразы ИМО для общения на море. – СПб.:ЗАО ЦНИИМФ, 1997. – 476 с. («Судовладельцам и капитанам», вып. 9).

Фаворов П. А. Англо-русский морской технический словарь. – М.: Воениздат, 1977. – 931 с.

Яковлев А. А., Яковлев В. А. Основы морской технической терминологии. – Одесса: Моряк, 1977. – 100 с.

Апресян Ю. Д., Медникова Э. М., Петрова А. В. и др. Новый большой англо – русский словарь. В 3 т. Под общ. рук. Апресяна Ю. Д., Медниковой Э. М. – М.: Рус. яз., 1998. – 832 с.

 

 

CONTENTS

UNIT 1 – Cranes – part 1…………………………………………………… 3

– part 2……………………………………………...............7

– part 3…………………………………………………….12

– part 4…………………………………………………….15

– part 5…………………………………………………….18

– part 6…………………………………………………….20

– part 7…………………………………………………….22

– part 8…………………………………………………….25

– part 9…………………………………………………….28

– part 10…………………………………………………...32

– test……………………………………………………….35

UNIT 2 – Straddle carriers – part 1………………………………………….39

– part 2………………………………………….42

– part 3………………………………………….45

– part 4………………………………………….48

– test…………………………………………….50

UNIT 3 – Reach stackers – part 1……………………………………………53

– part 2…………………………………………….56

– part 3…………………………………………….59

– part 4…………………………………………….61

– part 5…………………………………………….64

– test……………………………………………….67

UNIT 4 – Tractors and other machines – part 1………………………............71

– part 2……………………………...74

– part 3………………………….......77

– part 4……………………………...79

– part 5……………………………...82

– test………………………………...85

UNIT 5 – Car carriers – part 1………………………………………………..88

– part 2…………………………………………….......91

– part 3…………………………………………...........95

– test………………………………………..................97

UNIT 6 – Forest products handling machines – part 1……………….............99

– part 2……………………...102

– part 3………………...........105

– part 4………………...........107

– part 5………………...........109

– test…………………...........111

UNIT 7 – Ports: environment and nature – part 1………………………......114

– part 2.A………………..............117

– part 2.B…………………..........119

– part 2.C………………..............122

– part 3………………..................124

– test……………………..............127

UNIT 8 – Ports of Russia……………………………………………............130

UNIT 9 – Ports of the world……………………………………...................135

UNIT 10 – Kobe earthquake – assessing the damage……………….............142

KEYS……………………………………………………………...................147

REFERENCES………………………………………….................................151

 

 

Позиция №

в плане издания

учебной литературы

МГУ на 2009 г.

 

 

Субботина Галина Николаевна,

доцент кафедры английской филологии

Субботин Михаил Владиславович,

капитан дальнего плавания

 

PORT CARGO HANDLING MACHINERY

 

Учебное пособие

 

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