Leadership styles

Leadership styles can be classified on the basis of how leaders use their authority.

The three basic styles are described as autocratic,democratic and free — rein leader.

The autocratic leader is defined as one who commands and expects compliance, who is dogmatic and positive, and who leads by the ability to withhold or give rewards and punishment.

The democratic, or participative, leader consults with subordinates on proposed actions and decisions and encourages participation from them.

This type of leader is seen as ranging from the person who does not take action without subordinates' concurrence to the one who makes decisions but consults with subordinates before doing so.

The third type of leader uses his or her power very little, if at all, giving subordinates a high degree of independence, or free rein, in their operations.

Such leaders depend largely on subordinates to set their own goals and the means of achieving them, and they see their role as one of aiding the operations of followers by giving them the necessary information and acting primarily as a contact with the group's external environment.

Exercise 27

Find in the text similar meaning:

can be defined;

major styles;

independent;

to give orders;

obedience;

established in his beliefs;

to keep back;

to impose penalty;

to ask for advice or opinion;

to inspire;

without smb's agreement;

to create an atmosphere for independent activities;

to rely on smb. to a great extent;

to set individual objectives;

the ways to accomplish desired goals;

to help employees in their work;

to share information;

in the first place;

outside world.

Exercise 28

Complete the sentences with an appropriate word from the box:

a) free-rein	e) compliance	i) on the basis of
b) withhold	f) encourage	j) information
c) consult	g)independence	k) participative
d) take actions	h) power	1) act m) environment

1. Styles of leadership can be defined __________________ three main types of leaders.

2. The key types of leadership are autocratic, democratic and __________________.

3. The autocratic leader expects absolute __________________ from his subordinates.

4. He uses his authority to give or to __________________ rewards or punishment.

5. The democratic leader is also defined as__________________.

6. Some democratic leaders do not __________________ without the agreement of subordinates.

7. Participative leaders are called so because they do not only __________________ with their subordinates but also__________________ participation from them.

8. Free-rein leaders use their __________________ very little and they give subordinates a lot of __________________ in their operations.

9. Free-rein leaders give their subordinates the necessary __________________for performing their operations effectively.

10. They also __________________ as a contact with the group's external __________________.

Exercise 29

Say it in English:

1. Стиль руководства во многом определяет атмосферу в коллективе.

2. Существуют три основных стиля руководства: диктаторский, демократический и независимый / свободный.

3. Каждый из этих стилей имеет свои преимущества и недостатки, но выбор стиля руководства зависит в большей степени от лич­ности руководителя.

4. Некоторые руководители используют свою власть для того чтобы давать указания и строго контролировать их исполнение.

5. Система поощрения и наказания при таком стиле руководства нацелена на достижение полного подчинения желаниям руко­водителя.

6. Демократический руководитель, наоборот, стимулирует активное участие подчиненных в принятии решений.

7. Он советуется с работниками перед тем, как предпринять какие-либо шаги и ожидает от своих подчиненных понимания и под­держки.

8. Свободный тип управления, или «без узды», предполагает пол­ную независимость действий подчиненных.

9. Роль руководителя сводится к тому, что он является связующим звеном между коллективом и внешним миром, и поставляет всю необходимую информацию.

10. При таком стиле руководства, руководитель в огромной степе­ни зависит от преданности и ответственности работающих на него людей.

Exercise 30

A. Match these pairs of contrasting management styles.

1 Autocratic 2 centralising 3 directive 4 empowering 5 hands on 6 task-orientated

a) collaborative b) controlling c) delegating d) democratic e) people-orientated f) laissez-faire

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14