Vocabulary focus

starvation n – голод, голодание, голодная смерть

make peace with – заключить мир с

landslide n – резкое изменение в распределении голосов между партиями; внушительная победа на выборах

casualties n – (pl.) потери на войне

manual worker – работник физического труда

home rule – самоуправление, автономия

guerrilla fighting – партизанская борьба

civil service – государственная служба

discontent at/ over/ with n – неудовлетворенность

social unrest – общественные беспорядки

the League of Nations – Лига Наций

appeasement n – умиротворение

a policy of appeasement – политика попустительства агрессору

peace negotiations – мирные переговоры

the Axis n – coюз

after-effect n – последствие

the NATO (The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) – Организация Северо-Атлантического Договора, НАТО

the Warsaw Pact – Варшавский договор

the UN (the United Nations Organisation) – Организация Объединенных Наций, ООН

the EC (The European Community) – Европейское Сообщество, ЕС

the British Commonwealth of Nations – Британское содружество наций

the US Marshal Aid Programme – Программа Маршалла по оказанию помощи странам, пострадавшим во время Второй мировой войны

territorial ambitions – территориальные претензии

decide against v – вынести решение против

set forth to v – направиться к

the British fleet – Британский флот

the Navy – военно-морские силы

welfare state – государство, заботящееся о благосостоянии своих граждан

social wrong – социальное зло, несправедливость

Nationalist party Plaid Cymru – уэльская национальная партия

Suffragettes – суфражистки (участницы женского движения, боролись за равноправие женщин)

mandated territory – территории, переданные под мандат другого государства

Exercises

Task I. Match the words to the definitions.

1) casualty a) (of a country or state) placed under the rule of

another country;

2) the Axis b) an agreement or an alliance between two or more

countries;

3) home rule c) a social act that is not legal, honest or morally

acceptable;

4) social wrong d) a feeling of being unhappy because you are not

satisfied with a particular situation;

5) appeasement e) formal discussion between people who are trying

to reach an agreement;

6) after-effect f) a person who is killed or injured in war or in an

accident;

7) discontent g) an act of giving a country what it wants in order

to avoid war;

8) peace negotiations h) an election in which one person or party gets many

more votes than the other people or parties;

9) landslide i) the right of a country or region to govern itself;

10) mandated territory j) the feelings that you experience later as a result

of something.

Task II. Complete the sentences.

1. At first all those who joined the army were.... 2. Important citizens' rights... had been firmly established in the 17th and 18th centuries. 3. Strikes in... were as big a problem as they were in.... 4. The basis of a new charter was US President Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms":.... 5. Britain's confidence that it was still a world power was strengthened by.... 6. After Suez Britain was viewed in a new light.... 7. In the 20th century people began to demand basic social rights.... 8. As its financial and economic difficulties increased, Britain couldn’t.... 9. Britain welcomed closer co-operation in the European Community but only if....

Task III. Explain the notions using the ideas of the book.

Attitude of ‘chivalry’, suffragettes, ‘Easter Rising’, a land fit for heroes, tube, peace for our time, a nation on its knees, the balance of power, Security Council, holiday camps, pop culture, permissive society, people’s king, a wind of change, Falklands factor.

Task IV. Give the correct date for the event and arrange in chronological order.

a) Germany invaded Poland. b) Germany surrendered. c) Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. d) Italy surrendered. e) Germany attacked the Soviet Union. f) Germany defeated France. g) Britain and the US invaded German-occupied France. h) Italy invaded Abyssinia. i) Teheran Conference.

Task V. Are the statements true or false? Correct the false ones.

1. The British army didn't suffer great losses in France and one should have thought of peace negotiations.

2. Until Suez Britain hadn't been able to deal with the US and the SU as an equal.

3. Britain did not face any social problems before the arrival of immigrants.

4. The war at sea was more important than the war on land.

5. The Labour party was “socialist”.

6. Northern Ireland was a self-governing province, but its government was controlled but the Catholics.

7. The depression was more severe in Germany than in Britain.

Task VI. Answer the questions.

1. What were the reasons for Britain's sudden decline in the 20th century? 2. What helped to change the nature and course of war? 3. What helped Germany to defeat the Allies? 4.Why was the war at sea more important than the war on land? 5. How did WWI end? What were its results? 6. Why wasn't the Labour Party "socialist"? 7. What was the result of Labour's success? 8. How did the attitude to women change? 9. What kind of Independence did Ireland get in 1921? Why did the treaty lead to Civil war? 10. What did the discontent in 1926 lead to? 11. What were the results of the depression in Britain? in Germany? 12. How did Britain's economy start to recover? 13.What were the reasons for German expansion? What were the reasons for German expansion? 14. When and why did Britain enter the war? 15. What was meant under miraculous rescue? 16. What was the worst surrender in Britain's history? 17. What mistakes did Germany and Japan make in 1941? 18. How were Germany and its allies defeated? 19. What price was paid for the war? 20. What kind of a new world order replaced the League of Nations? 21. Why did the idea of four allies working together collapse and what did this situation lead to? 22. What difficulties did the UN face in the Far East in 1950? 23. How did the attitude to Britain change? Why? 24. How did the life of common people change after the war? 25. What helped the monarchy to become more popular than ever before and what serious crisis did it experience? 26. What were the main reasons for contradictions in Northern Ireland? 27. How were social and economic problems connected? 28. Why did the Conservative Party win so convincingly in 1987? 29. What are the living symbols of the past that Britain has preserved? 30. What in your opinion is most important for national renewal?

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