Morpheme word —see simple word.

Morphemic level of analysis is aimed at establishing the number and type of the morphemes making up the word, e.g. the adverb threateningly is a polymorphemic word consisting of four morphemes of which one is a root morpheme and three derivational morphemes.

Morphological motivation (of a word or phraseological unit) — a direct connection between the structural (morphological) pattern of the word (or phraseological unit) and its meaning, e.g. fatherless, greatly, thankful, etc.

Motivation — the relationship between the morphemic or phonemic composition of the word and its meaning, e.g. schoolchild, moo, tick, etc.

Motivated (non-idiomatic, transparent) words are characterized by a direct connection between their morphemic or phonemic composition and their meaning, e.g. motor-way, friendship, boom, cuckoo, etc.

Motivated word-groups — are word-groups whose combined lexical meaning can be deduced from the meaning of their component-members, e.g. to declare war, head of an army, to make a bargain, to cut short, to play chess, etc.

N

Narrowing of meaning (or specialization) — the restriction of the semantic capacity of a word in the course of its historical development, e.g. meat originally meant food, dear originally meant beast, hound originally meant dog, etc.

Neologism — a new word or word equivalent formed according to the productive structural patterns or borrowed from another language; a new meaning of an established word, e.g. dictaphone, travelogue, monoplane, multi-user, pocketphone, sunblock, etc.

Nonce-word — a word coined and used for a single occasion, e.g. Bimburyist (O. Wilde), dimple-making (Th. Hardy), library-grinding (S. Lewis), family-physicianery (J. K. Jerome).

Notionsee concept.

O

Obsoletesee archaic.

Occasionalism — a word or a word-combination created in each case anew, e.g. living metaphors whose predictability is not apparent, e.g. the ex-umbrella man, a horse-faced woman, a gazelle-eyed youth, cobra-headed anger, etc.

Onomatopoeia (syn. sound imitation, ecoism, sound symbolism)
— the formation of a word by imitating the natural sound associated
with the object or action involved, e.g. buzz, cuckoo, tinkle, cock-a-
doodle-do, etc.

Originsee borrowing.

P

Paradigm — the system of grammatical forms characteristic of a word, e.g. to write, wrote, written, writing, writes; girl, girl's, girls, girls ', etc.

Paradigmatic relationships are based on the interdependence of words within the vocabulary.

Paronyms are words kindred in sound form and meaning and therefore liable to be mixed but in fact different in meaning and usage and therefore mistakenly interchanged e.g. to affect - to effect, allusion — illusion, ingenious - ingenuous, etc.

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