The Arbitrazh Court of the Subject of the Russian Federation

The Arbitrazh courts of the initial level, unlike courts of general jurisdiction, are not district courts but courts of the subjects of the Russian Federation. According to the general rule, these courts are deemed to be courts of the first instance in consideration of economic disputes.

The Arbitrazh court of the Subject of the Russian Federation is a state court specializing in commercial cases and extends its jurisdiction to any cases on commercial disputes and to other cases, concerning the exercise of business and other commercial activities, where both parties are business entities or individuals, engaged in business activities without forming a legal entity and having the status of an individual entrepreneur obtained in the procedure established by laws. In this particular case it does not matter what kind of legal relations serve as the basis for dispute arisen: civil, administrative or other relations. Cases between the Russian Federation, the subjects of the Russian Federation are subject to the jurisdiction of the Arbitrazh court as well. The Arbitrazh courts do not consider disputes that pertain to the criminal sphere of legislation.

How cases are tried in courts

In all courts cases are tried in public. The participants in the trial (the prosecutor, the lawyers, the plaintiff, the judge, the defendant and the others) speak in the open court. The accused is guaranteed the right to defend. The press has the right to be present.

During the hearing of a case any citizen may enter the courtroom and be present during the trial from the beginning to the end. The hearing of cases in closed session is allowed only in exceptional cases. Closed sessions are only allowed if it is in the interests of both sides or for the necessity to keep state secrets. Trial without participation of both sides is not allowed. The judges are independent and they must obey the law.

Vocabulary

accused n 1 обвиняемый (в преступлении); 2 подсудимый

assessor n заседатель

claimant n истец; сторона, заявляющая требование

closed session n закрытое заседание

deem v полагать, считать

defendant n 1 ответчик; 2 обвиняемый; 3 подсудимый

discretion n усмотрение

initial level n начальный уровень

legitimate interest n законный интерес

obey the law v подчиняться закону

participant n участник

plaintiff n истец

prosecutor n обвинитель

summarize v суммировать; резюмировать

try v 1 судить; 2 рассматривать (дело)

with regard to касательно; в отношении

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14