Oral tradition and literature in the ХIХ century.

Culture of Kazakhstan in the second half of the XIX century.

Kazakh-Russian cultural ties.

With accession of Kazakhstan to Russia cultural communication of the Kazakh people with the Russian people amplified. It was promoted by that in the second half of the XIX century Kazakhstan was turned by tsarism into a place of a political exile. Here revolutionaries, the advanced scientists, writers who acquainted the Kazakh people with life, revolutionary fight and literature of the Russian people were banished.

Chokan Valikhanov (1835 — 1865) was the first Kazakh scientist and the educator. He studied in Omsk a cadet corps. These years Chokan communicated with the advanced Russian scientists, travelers and political exiled, excitedly read works of great Russian writers — Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol.

National education.

To the middle of the XIX century national education was in Kazakhstan in embryo. Schools which were in Orenburg, Omsk and Semipalatinsk, prepared generally translators and clerks for colonial administration.

Contrary to desire of tsarism, the Kazakh people reached for knowledge. Communication of the Kazakh peasants with the Russian immigrants promoted studying by Kazakhs of Russian.

In 1850 in Orenburg the school for the Kazakh children with seven-year term of training opened. In 19 years of the existence it let out 148 people. Some of graduates began to work as teachers. In the sixties elementary Russian-Kazakh schools were open in Uralsk, Kazalinsk, Perovsk and Turgaye. But because of the absence of teachers and education guidances the part of these schools was soon closed.

Teacher educator Ibray Altynsarin.

Much in the field of development of national education in Kazakhstan Ibray Altynsarin (1841 — 1889) — the outstanding Kazakh teacher and the educator made. He was born in the Zatobolsky region of the Kustanay area, was brought up at the grandfather since early lost parents.

Altynsarin excellent graduated from seven-year school in Orenburg and began to work as the translator. Having achieved permission to opening of elementary schools for the Kazakh children, it passed to teacher's work, later was the inspector of national schools

Abay Kunanbayev — the outstanding Kazakh poet educator. He was born in Chingistau-skom the region of Semipalatinsk area. His father, Kunanb&y, was the large feudal lord, head of a tobyktinsky sort. Already in the childhood Abay had to see difficult, desolate life of the people, injustice and avidity of the father.

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