ЗАНЯТТЯ № 6 III YEAR, V TERM

Ways of translating specific notions of national lexicon. (SNoNL)

In the course of their development all languages of the world acquire some notions, objects, customs, traditions, monetary systems etc. characteristic of the given nation only.

e.g. English – lady, lord, shilling, box, football, boston, mackintosh, etc.

Ukrainian – Cossack, step, hryvnia.

These and the like words may become internationalisms: lady, mackintosh, shilling and in the lexicon of different languages such notions are easy to translate when they are internationalisms (transcribed or transliterated).

Many other specific notions of national lexicon must be explained in the text or orally.

e.g. Eton – a privileged school in Great Britain;

Harrow – the same;

The East, West End – частина (район) Лондона;

Bloomsbury – the central part of London.

Some notions are absolutely new:

e.g. bingo (азартна гра), gin, coca-cola…

different national occasions (baptizing, marriage, funeral);

moonlighter – підробітник.

Some metaphorical expressions are also used as specific national notions elements:

Athens of the North – Північні Афіни (Едінбург);

kobzar – minstrel;

scouts;

pupils record card – табель успішності;

students record card – залікова книжка (credit book);

a term examination – залік (credit);

a term paper – курсова робота;

graduation paper – дипломна робота;

class instructor/tutor – класний керівник;

tutorial – консультація.

Great Britain has no Ministry of Education but only Department of Education (міністерство освіти)

junior minister – зам. міністра.

The USA has no government but administration, and no ministers but secretaries.

e.g. The secretary of State – міністр закордонних справ

Secretary of the Interior – міністр внутрішніх справ. He is responsible for a forestation, building roads, canals.

The FBI – Federal Bureau of Investigation – відповідає нашому міністерству внутрішніх справ.

The all countries of the world have Deputy Minister I, II – But in the US there are undersecretaries.

e.g. The home Secretary, the Foreign Secretary.

Different orders belong to specific notions of national lexicon as well

e.g. The Order of the Bath – орден Бані;

the Order of the Garter – орден підв’язки;

St. Andrew, George order;

The Bohdаn Khmelnytskyi Order;

the Yaroslav the Wise Order;

the Order for Valour – орден за відвагу;

the order for Distinguished Services – "за заслуги".

Very often specific notions are connected with the names of animals: pincher, bulldog, shepherd hound.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16