Задание 3. (10 баллов). Displacement is a directed line segment that connects the start and the end of the movement

3.1 The … engine is the most efficient of all engines. A) Carnot B) Kelvin C) Fahrenheit D) Celsius E) Charles’, Gay-Lussac’s, and Boyle’s

3.2 The direction of the centripetal acceleration is A) Toward the center of the circle B) Uniform circular motion C) Nonuniform circular motion D) Range of a projectile E) Upward the center of the circle

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Displacement is a directed line segment that connects the start and the end of the movement. Displacement a vector quantity, i.e. a quantity which is characterized by not only a numeric value, but also the direction. The displacement is denoted as the path, the letter S, but, unlike the traveled way, on the letter indicating the movement, put the arrow, thus emphasizing that it is a vector quantity

3. Evaporation is called a phase transition from a liquid to a gas. From the standpoint of the molecular-kinetic theory, evaporation is the process by which the surface of the liquid fly the fastest molecules, the kinetic energy which exceeds the energy of their connection with the other molecules of the liquid. This decreases the average kinetic energy of the remaining molecules, i.e., to the cooling fluid (if there is no supply of energy from the surrounding bodies). The rate of evaporation depends on: surface area of the liquid. movement of molecules over the surface of a liquid or gas, such substances.

Condensation is the reverse process of evaporation. Condensation of vapor molecules returning to the liquid.

4. The simplest optical device capable of producing an image of the object is a flat mirror. The image of the object, given by the flat mirror, is formed by rays reflected from the mirror surface. This image is spurious because it is formed by the intersection of the reflected rays, and their sequels in "the looking glass". Due to the law of reflection of light Ghost image of the object is symmetrical about the mirror surface. The image size equal to the size of the subject. A spherical mirror is called the mirror reflecting surface having the shape of a spherical segment. The center of the sphere from which the cut segment is called the optical centre of the mirror. The top spherical segment is called the pole. The line passing through the optical center and the pole of the mirror is called the principal optical axis of the spherical mirror. The main optical axis separated from all the other straight lines passing through the optical center, only because it is the axis of symmetry of the mirror. Spherical mirrors are concave and convex.

5. The linear momentum of a particle of mass m moving with a velocity v is p mv ≡ (Momentum is calculated as the product of the mass of the body in motion times its velocity). According to this equation, momentum is related to both the mass and velocity of an object.

The impulse of a force on a particle is (by definition) Impulsive forces are forces that are very strong compared with other forces on the system, and usually act a very short time, as in case of collisions. So, the impulse acting on a body is equal to the change in momentum of the body (it can be proved on the base of the second Newton’s law): I p = ∆

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