Appendix 5. Body language

Body language is a form of non-verbal communication, which consists of body posture, gestures, facial expressions, and eye movements. Humans send and interpret such signals subconsciously.

· Positive body language
Eye contact Keeps audiences’ attention (Asian audience might feel aggressed.) Facial expressions should be natural and friendly: - raise eyebrows to show surprise -open eyes wide -squint your eyes The hands Gives lots of possibilities to emphasise, to enumerate and to express sincerity or reflection. Be conscious of what you do with your hands. If you are unhappy, hold notes or cards to occupy them arm – movements back and forth to suggest flow. Open arms to include or welcome ideas.	Body movement Indicates a change of focuskeep audience’s attentionmove forward to emphasizemove to side to indicate a transition gesture. Up and down head motions are movements to indicate importance or acknowledgement. Pen or pointer to indicate part, place (on a transparency) shrug shoulder to indicate I don’t know or care. Posture Stand straight but relaxed (do not slouch or lean sideways). Lean forward to emphasize. No hands in pockets.
· Negative body language
· Failing to make eye contact · Do not look at your notes all the time · Looking at the screen/board means your back is turned to the audience cutting contact · Don’t stare, or look blankly into people’s eyes · Avoid swaying back and forth like a pendulum · Avoid leaning against walls · Be aware of your nervous tics · Do not fold your arms like a barrier While one hand in a pocket gives a very relaxed pose, both hands in pockets looks too casual and should be avoided · Avoid an unblinking stare and the same facial expression. Blink normally and nod your head to show agreement, and that you are still alive and not bored to death. If you are bored, don’t suffer. Go find someone interesting. Life is relatively short. Make the most of it. · Avoid touching face when speaking. Rubbing nose, eyes, ears, head, or neck shows doubt in what you are saying or hearing.	· Avoid mumbling. That is an unconscious need to avoid being heard. Do speak up loudly and with confidence in what you have to say. · Avoid poor pronunciation. Speak a bit slower and get it right. You will attract more people you like being around. · Avoid extraneous body movements that do not positively support what you are saying. Finger drumming, scratching, twitching, and darting eyes around room all discredit what you are saying and your image as a person good to know. · Avoid poor posture. Do stand tall and proud to be you and believe in what you are saying. Losers look like losers a block away. Look like a winner! · Avoid hiding your hands and palms. Evasive people with secrets don’t show their hands. (Women show their soft wrist underside to flirt.) · Avoid touching face when speaking. Rubbing nose, eyes, ears, head, or neck shows doubt in what you are saying or hearing. · Avoid closed body postures, like arms folded across chest.

Appendix6. Sample grant proposal documents

SAMPLE COVER SHEET OF THE PROPOSAL

IREX Special Projects in Library and Information Science with Central and Eastern Europe and Eurasia

THE NORTH CAUCASUS AND VOLGA BASIN ACQUISITIONS PROJECT

a proposal submitted by:

Tatjana Lorkovic

Slavic and East European Collections

Sterling Memorial Library

Yale University

New Haven, CT 06520-8240

TEL.: [phone]

FAX: [phone]

EMAIL: [e-mail]

SAMPLE TABLE OF CONTENTS OF THE PROPOSAL

The North Caucasus and Volga Basin Acquisitions Project

Contents of this Proposal

Project Summary............................................................................................. 0

Project Description........................................................................................... 0

Reference cited................................................................................................. 0

Biographical sketches...................................................................................... 0

Budget.............................................................................................................. 0

Special information and supplementary documentation............................... 0

SAMPLE BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF THE PROPOSAL

Дата добавления: 2015-07-20