Task8. Answer the following questions.

1. How many general categories can most bacteria be grouped into?

2. What are saprophytes?

3. What advantages do fungi have over bacteria?

4. Why can algae be a great nuisance in surface waters?

5. How do protozoa maintain a natural balance among the different groups of microorganisms?

6. Do viruses have the ability to synthesize new compounds?

Task9. Are the sentences true or false? Explain why.

1. Most bacteria can be grouped by form into three general categories.

2. Most fungi are saprophytes, obtaining their food from living matter.

3. Algal blooms are usually characteristic of what is called an eutrophic lake.

4. Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotic microorganisms with cell walls.

5. Viruses have the ability to synthesize new compounds.

6. When an infected cell dies, large numbers of viruses are released to infect other cells.

Task10. Prove that microorganisms are of various kinds, shapes and sizes.

Task11. Prove that microorganisms are of value in nature as well as pathogenic.

Task 12. Translate the following word combinations into English, transcribe and memorize them.

быть видимымневооруженным глазом

отдельная наука

разнообразные организмы

открытие микробов

изучение строения и функций микроорганизмов

рассматривать как отдельную группу

иметь ценность

быть похожим на растение, животное

быть пригодным к чему-либо

происходить от

уладить дело

лабораторные опыты

болезнетворные микроорганизмы

одноклеточные эубактерии

отвечать за что-либо

среда с пониженным содержанием pH

клеточная стенка

синтезировать новые компоненты

GRAMMAR SECTION

Task1. Insert articles and explain their use.

1. … word microbe was coined in … latter quarter of … 19th century.

2. Then … microbiology developed into … separate science.

3. … biochemists, … geneticists, … cytologists, and … molecular biologists have discovered … value of microbes.

4. … early Greeks believed that …living things could originate from … nonliving matter.

5. Robert Koch, … German physician, defined … procedure for proving that … specific organism causes … specific disease.

6. … most bacteria can be grouped by … form into … four general categories.

7. Algae can be … great nuisance in … surface waters.

8. Viruses do not have … ability to synthesize … new compounds.

Task2. These are the answers. Make up questions.

1. The identification of microorganisms and the study of their structure and function.

2. Robert Koch, a German physician.

3. A lake with a high content of the compounds needed for biological growth.

4. On bacteria and other microscopic microorganisms.

5. When an infected cell dies.

Task3. Fill in the necessary prepositions.

1. The discovery that some living forms were invisible … the naked eye was a dramatic one … man's history.

2. Microorganisms are … incalculable value … nature.

3. Microbiology can be subdivided … theoretical, or pure, microbiology, and practical, or applied, microbiology.

4. The foundation … microbiology was securely laid … the period … about 1880 … 1900.

5. … with bacteria, fungi are the principal organisms responsible … the decomposition … carbon … the biosphere.

6. Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotic microorganisms … cell walls.

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