The lymphatic system

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.

Circulation: the Lymphatic System Also functioning in circulation is the lymphatic system, which drains excess fluid and proteins from the tissues and returns them to the bloodstream. The lymphatic system is a widely distributed system with multiple functions. The fluid carried in the lymphatic system is called lymph. Lymph drains from the lower part of the body and the upper left side into the thoracic duct(1), which travels upward through the chest and empties into the leftsubclavian vein(2) near the heart. The rightlymphatic duct (3) drains the upper right side of the body and empties into the right subclavian vein. Another function of the lymphatic system is to absorb digested fats from the small intestine. These fats are then added to the blood near the heart. One other major function of the lymphatic system is to protect the body from impurities and invading microorganisms. Along the path of the lymphatic vessels (4) are small masses of lymphoidtissue, the lymph nodes. Their function is to filter the lymph as it passes through. They are concentrated in the neck, armpit, chest, and groinregions. The lymph nodes and the remainder of the lymphatic system also play a role in immunity(5). Other organs and tissues of the lymphatic system include the tonsils(6), located in the throat, the thymus gland in the chest, and the spleen (7) in the upper left region of the abdomen.

1.грудна протока 2.підключична вена 3.лімфатична протока 4.лімфатичні судини 5.імунітет 6.мигдалеподібні залози 7.селезінка

Exercise 2. Translate into English.

Верхня ліва ділянка тіла; верхня права ділянка тіла; збирати надлишок рідини; невеликі скупчення; нижня ділянка тіла; паховоа ділянка; перетравлені жири; розгалужена система; фільтрувати протікаючу лімфу; шийна ділянка.

VOCABULARY – 2

Study Vocabulary – 2 and then do exercise 3.

blind end tubes	ненаскрізні трубчасті органи	parasites	паразити
cell remnants / debris	залишки клітин	pathogens	хвороботворні мікроорганізми
chyle	хілус	physiological imbalance	фізіологічний дисбаланс
endothelial cells	ендотеліальні клітини	plasma protein	білок плазми
interstitial fluid	внутрішньотка­ниннна рідина	T and B lymphocytes	Т- та B-лімфоцити
interstitial space	внутрішньотка­нинний простір	triglycerides	тригліцериди
loss of blood	просочування крові	vasculature	судинна мережа

Exercise 3. Fill in the gaps and translate the text.

Blood capillaries

Blood plasma

Blood vessels

Ducts

Inner lining

Lymph vessels

Pathogens

Phagocytosis

Transportation

Lymph

In human body the blood which flows in (1) ________ like arteries, veins and capillaries comes under physiological imbalances resulting in development of pressure on the vasculature and wall. Due to this pressure there would be some loss of blood into the surrounding area which is collected back as fluid termed as lymph.

The lymph plays a major role in protection against foreign invasion by (2) ________ like microbes, viruses and other parasites. Lymph is known to flow through vessels of large size through lymph nodes before it is put back to blood.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-30