Language Study. Ex. 1. Match the words to their definitions: 1) identify 2) overwhelm 3) lend 4) leader 5) oversee 6) probation 7) justice 8) complaint

Ex. 1. Match the words to their definitions:

1) identify 2) overwhelm 3) lend 4) leader 5) oversee 6) probation 7) justice 8) complaint 9) obscure 10) belief 11) affect, v 12) tenure, n 13) entrepreneur

a) the right, state, or period of holding something, as an office or property; b) the principle of moral or ideal rightness; c) to recognize similarity or to establish as the same or similar; d) to allow the temporary use or possession of something with the understanding that it is to be returned; e) to overcome completely, to make helpless; f) someone who goes ahead so as to show the way; g) an expression of pain, dissatisfaction, a cause or reason for complaining; h) something that is trusted; i) a period used to test the qualification and character of a new employee; j) not clear, faint, remote; k) to move emotionally, to feel sad, to bring about a change in; l) to supervise workers, to direct; m) a person who managers a business venture.

Ex. 2. Give synonyms to the words given below or briefly explain their meaning:

1) Viewing an organisation as a system of roles helps to identify rights and obligations of each employee.

2) Role overload exists when the demands of various roles overwhelm an individual’s ability to balance expectation.

3) The political executive initiates, shapes, promotes and oversees policy changes.

4) After a short probation period most desktop administrators earn job tenure and usually are not fired.

5) A common complaint about public bureaucrats is that they treat everyone like a number.

6) Street-level bureaucrats often decide what policies to implement, their beliefs can affect their work with clients.

7) The role of the policy entrepreneur requires conceptual leadership.

8) Numerous street-level employees lend individuality to the collective, but these unique contributions should not obscure the patterns of behaviour across individuals, or roles.

Ex. 3. Insert prepositions where necessary:

1) Street-level employees are … the bottom … public organisations. Nevertheless they lend individuality … the collective and character … the whole organisation.

2) Policy analysts, like actors step … roles that are already largely defined.

3) Political executives occupy … the top of public organisations.

4) Cutting … the red tape public executives are legally responsible … implementing policy.

5) Desktop administrators are middle managers and closely fit … the general description of a bureaucrat.

6) Desktop administrators differ fundamentally … political executives … that most of them are career civil servants.

7) A common complaint … public bureaucrats is that they dealing … people treat everyone like a number.

8) Street-level administrators must use judgment to apply … rules and laws … unique situations.

Ex.4. What is the English for:

А 1) отождествлять с … 2) спрос на … 3) назначать (на должность) 4) наблюдать, надзирать 5) поддержка, помощь 6) мешать, быть помехой 7) оправдывать 8) гибкий 9) жалоба 10) притворяться, делать вид 11) затемнять, скрывать, делать неясным

B 1) определять права и обязанность каждого сотрудника 2) источник стресса и перегрузки 3) находиться на вершине иерархии 4) противостоять бюрократическим проволочкам 5) испытательный срок 6) срок пребывания в должности 7) работа требует гибкости 8) не принимать во внимание конкретные проблемы и обстоятельства 9) применять закон к конкретной ситуации 10) затрагивать (влиять на) работу 11) подвергать воздействию (давлению), наносить вред (ущерб)

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