Pic.1. Diffraction pattern of a cell nucleus

Occupation No. 5

The theme of the lesson: Temporary organization of a cell.

The aim of the lesson: study a microscopic and submicroscopic structure of a nucleus of a cell; cellular cycle and essence interphase, ways of cell fission; to be able to make entry of the maintenance of a genetic material during the different periods of interphase and at different levels of a mitosis and meiosis.

I. Questions for self-preparation (60 min.).

1. Structure and functions of a nucleus of a cell.
2. Types of chromosomes. Structure of a metaphase chromosome; Rules of chromosomes
3. Cellular and mitotic cycles.
4. Interphase, characteristic of the periods. Mitosis reasons.
5. Comparative characteristic of a mitosis and meiosis. The maintenance of a genetic material in various phases of division. The importance of a mitosis and meiosis.
6. Amitotic division and mitosis versions (endomitosis, pollinate), their characteristic and value.

II. Main terms and concepts

1. Bivalents – two homologous chromosomes conjugating in a pro-phase of meiosis I. Their number equals to a haploid set of chromosomes.
2. Karyolimph – nuclear juice.
3. The cellular cycle is the period of time from emergence of a cell to its death or until the end of the following cellular division.
4. Conjugation fof chromosomes – connection of homologous chromosomes on length.
5. Crossing-over – an exchange of identical sites of chromatids of homologous chromosomes in pachiten of prophase of meiosis 1.
6. Meiosis is a division of somatic cells of sexual glands at which sexual cells are formed.
7. The mitotic cycle is the period of preparation of a cell to division (interphase) and division itself (mitosis).
8. Telomera of chromosomes is the ending sites of shoulders of chromosomes.
9. Hiazma – a recross of chromatids of homologous chromosomes at conjugation.
10. chromatid – a complex consisting of DNA and histonic proteins.
11. The nuclear and cytoplasmatic relation is physiologically and morphologically natural relation of the weight (volume) of a nucleus to the mass (volume) of cytoplasm in each cell.

III. Independent work of the student at home.

Pic.1. Diffraction pattern of a cell nucleus

1 – the external nuclear membrane, 2 – an internal nuclear membrane, 3 – perinuclearic space, 4 – slice, 5 – karyoplasma, 6 – chromatid, 7 – a nucleus.

Pic. 2. Scheme of a metaphase chromosome (A) and types of chromosomes (B): 1 – shoulder, 2 – a cenrtromere, 3 – a secondary banner, 4 – the satellite, 5 – chromatid, 6 – telomer, 7 – metacentric, 8 – submetacentric, 9 – acrocentric chromosomes.

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