Old English Grammar Reference.

Nouns:

Musc. - ǎ - Neutr.

Musc. - ja - Neutr.

Musc. - wa - Neutr.

Musc. - wa - Neutr.

Fem. - ō -

Fem. - jō -

Fem. -wō -

Musc. - i-

short syllable

long syllable

short syllable

long syllable

short syllable

long syllable

short syllable

long syllable

short syllable

long syllable

singular

singular

singular

singular

singular

singular

singular

singular

Nom.

stan

word

end(e)

cynn

giefu

lār

snāw

trēō, trēōw

giefu

lār

ecg

ÿð

beadu

mæd

mete

hyll

Gen.

stanes

wordes

endes

cynnes

giefe

lāre

snāwes

trēōwes

giefe

lāre

ecge

ÿðe

beadwe

mædwe

metes

hylles

Dat.

stane

worde

ende

cynne

giefe

lāre

snāwe

trēō, trēōwe

giefe

lāre

ecge

ÿðe

beadwe

mædwe

mete

hylle

Acc.

stan

word

end(e)

cynn

giefe

lāre

snāw

trēō, trēōw

giefe

lāre

ecge

ÿðe

beadwe

mædwe

mete

hylle

plural

plural

plural

plural

plural

plural

plural

plural

Nom.

stanas

word(u)

endas

cynn

bearwas

searu (-o)

snāwas

trēōwu, trēōwas

giefa

lāra

ecga

ÿða

beadwa

mædwa

meteas

hyllas

Gen.

stana

worda

enda

cynna

bearwa

searwa

snāwa

trēōwa

giefa

lāra

ecga

ÿða

beadwa

mædwa

metea

hylla

Dat.

stanum

wordum

endum

cynnum

bearwum

searwum

snāwum

trēōwum

giefum

lārum

ecgum

ÿðum

beadwum

mædwum

meteum

hyllum

Acc.

stanas

word(u)

endas

cynn

bearwas

searu (-o)

snāwas

trēōwu, trēōwas, trēō

giefa

lāra

ecga

ÿða

beadwa

mædwa

mete, meteas

hyllas

Neutr. - i-

Fem. - i-

Musc. - u-

Fem. - u-

Neutr. - es-

Musc. - n -

Neutr. - n -

Fem. - n -

Fem. - r -

Musc. - n -

Root

short syllable

long syllable

long syllable

short syllable

long syllable

short syllable

long syllable

Musc.

Fem.

singular

singular

singular

singular

singular

singular

singular

singular

Nom.

spere

hilt

bēn

sunu

feld

duru

hond

cild

hunta

ēāre

sunne

mōdor

brōÞor

mann

mūs

Gen.

speres

hiltes

bēne

suna

felda

dura

honda

cildes

huntan

ēāran

sunnan

mōdor

brōÞor

mannes

mūse

Dat.

spere

hilte

bēne

suna

felda

dura

honda

cilde

huntan

ēāran

sunnan

mēder

brēÞēr

menn

mÿs

Acc.

spere

hilte

bēne

suna

felda

dura

honda

cild

huntan

ēāre

sunnan

mōdor

brōÞor

mann

mūs

plural

plural

plural

plural

plural

plural

plural

plural

Nom.

speru

hilt

bēna

suna

felda

dura

honda

cildru

huntan

ēāran

sunnan

modra

brōÞra

menn

mÿs

Gen.

spera

hilta

bēna

suna

felda

dura

honda

cildra

huntan

ēāran

sunnan

mōdra

brōÞra

manna

mūs

Dat.

sperum

hiltum

bēnum

sunum

feldum

durum

hondum

cildrum

huntum

ēārum

sunnum

mōdrum

brōÞrum

mannum

mūsum

Acc.

speru

hilt

bēna

suna

felda

dura

honda

cildru

huntan

ēāran

sunnan

mōdra

brōÞor

menn

mÿs

Demonstrative Pronouns: Personal Pronouns:

	1 p.sg.	2 p.sg.	3rd person singular
			Musc.	Fem.	Neutr.
	singular	double
Nom.	ic	þū	hē	heo	hit	wit
Gen.	min	þin	his	hiere, hire	his	uncer
Dat.	mē	þē	him	hiere, hire	him	unc
Acc.	mē(c)	þē(c)	hine	hie, hoe	hit	unc, uncit
	plural
Nom.	wē	ʒē	hīe, hī, hÿ, heo	ʒit
Gen.	ūre	eower	hiera, hira	incer
Dat.	ūs	eow	him, hem	inc
Acc.	ūs(ic)	eow(ic)	hīe, hī, hÿ	inc, incit

I	Musc.	Fem.	Neutr.	II	Musc.	Fem.	Neutr.
	singular		singular
Nom.	sē	sēō	Þæt	Nom.	þes	þoes	Þis
Gen.	Þæs	Þære	Þæs	Gen.	Þisses	Þisse	Þisses
Dat.	Þæm	Þære	Þæm	Dat.	Þissum	Þisse	Þissum
Acc.	Þone	Þā	Þæt	Acc.	Þisne	Þās	Þis
Abl.	Þÿ, Þon	------------	Þÿ, Þon	Abl.	--------	--------	Þÿs
	plural	Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl.	plural
Nom.	Þā	Þās
Gen.	Þāra, Þæra	þissa
Dat.	Þām, Þæm	þissum
Acc.	Þā	Þās
Abl.	--------------------------------------	-----------------------------------

Strong Verbs: Weak Verbs:

	Infinitive	Past tense sg.	Past tense plur.	Participle II
I	risan	rās	rīson	rīsen
II	cēōsan	cēās	curon	coren
III	helpan	healp	hulpon	holpen
	bindan	band	bundon	bunden
IV	teran	tær	tæron	toren
V	etan	æt	æton	Eten
VI	faran	fōr	fōron	faren
VII	hātan	hēht/ hēt	hēhton/ hēton	hāten

	Infinitive	Past sg.	Past plur.	Part. II
I	dēman	dēmde	demdon	dēmed
II	lufian	lufode	lufodon	lufod
III	libban	lifde	lifdon	lifd

Irregular Weak Verbs:

	Infinitive	Past sg.	Past plur.	Part. II
I irregul.	sēcan	sōhte	sōhton	(ʒe)sōht
bycʒan	bōhte	bōhton	(ʒe)bōht
þyncan	þuhte	þuhton	(ʒe)þuht
þencan	þōhte	þōhton	(ʒe)þōht
brencʒan	brōhte	brōhton	(ʒe)brōht
tellan	tealde	tealdon	teald
sellan	sealde	sealdon	seald

Anomalous Verbs:

Infinitive	Past sg.	Past plur.	Part. II
bēōn/wesan	wæs	wæron	---------
don	dyde	dydon	(ʒe)don
ʒan	eode	eodon	(ʒe)ʒan
willan	wolde	woldon	---------

Preterite-Present Verbs:

	Infinitive	Present sg./plur.	Past sg./plur.	Participle II
I	witan	wat/witan	wiste/wiston	witēn
	aʒan	aʒ/aʒon	ahte/ahton	æʒen/aʒen
II	duʒan	deaʒ/daʒon	dohte	---------
III	cunnan	can/cunnon	cuð(e)	cunnen
IV	sculan	sceal/sculon	sceolde/scolde	---------
VI	maʒan	mæʒ/maʒon	meahte	---------
		mōt/mōton	mōste

Verb-stems bēōn – wesan:

Indo-European: -bhe(o)- / - bho- (-bhu-)

-os- / -es- / -s

German: -wes- / -wer-

-or- / -er-

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