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D. Constitutional and administrative law

Цели и задачи освоения дисциплины | Требования к результатам освоения содержания дисциплины | C. Criminal justice in Great Britain | Ex. 5 Translate from English into Russian paying attention to Active Vocabulary | Ex.5 Study the following word building patterns | Read the texts, translate them into Russian | D. Comparison between English Prison System and American Prison System | Ex. 5 Translate from English into Russian paying attention to Active Vocabulary | Ex.5 Study the following word building patterns | Формы инфинитива |


Constitutional and administrative law govern the affairs of the state. Constitutional law concerns both the relationships between the executive, legislature and judiciary and the human rights or civil liberties of individuals against the state. Most jurisdictions, like the United States and France, have a single codified constitution with a bill of rights. A few, like the United Kingdom, have no such document. A "constitution" is simply those laws which constitute the body politic, from statute, case law and convention.

The great end, for which men entered into society, was to secure their property. That right is preserved sacred and incommunicable in all instances, where it has not been taken away or abridged by some public law for the good of the whole... If no excuse can be found or produced, the silence of the books is an authority against the defendant, and the plaintiff must have judgment.

The fundamental constitutional principle, inspired by John Locke, holds that the individual can do anything but that which is forbidden by law, and the state may do nothing but that which is authorised by law. Administrative law is the chief method for people to hold state bodies to account. People can apply for judicial review of actions or decisions by local councils, public services or government ministries, to ensure that they comply with the law. The first specialist administrative court was the Conseil d'État set up in 1799, as Napoleon assumed power in France.[

 

Comprehension questions

1. Define the term “law”.

2. Classify each type of law

3. What role did the religious laws historically play in the society?

4. What specialties exist under common law?

5. What problems does law touch upon?

6. What governs the affairs of the state?

Vocabulary Work 1

Ex. 1 Study the following terms and expressions, be ready to translate

law

jurisprudence

law and order

settlement of disputes

income tax laws

remedies

issues and disputes

public will

generally binding rules

law responding to the goals

approval and recognition

improper deductions

essence of law

enactment of laws

common law

case law

procedural rules

evidence

enforcement

judgement

substantive law

state pressure

 

to set forth

to maintain order

to resolve disputes

to impose responsibility

to have a legal claim against

to fail

to be subjected to penalties

to wrong

to be ahead of the law

to bring into line with

to put pressure on legislators

to decide lawsuits

to resolve controversies

 


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Read the texts, translate them into Russian| Federal, State and Local Laws

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