The profession of a civil engineer

1. Civil engineers typically possess an academic degree with a major in civil engineering. The length of study for such a degree is usually four or five years and *the completed degree is usually designated as a Bachelor of Engineering¹. The degree generally includes physics, mathematics, project management, design and specific topics in civil engineering. Initially such topics cover most, if not all, of the sub-disciplines of civil engineering. Students then choose to specialize in one or more sub-disciplines towards the end of the degree.

2. In most countries, a Bachelor's degree in engineering represents the first step towards professional certification and the degree program itself is certified by a professional body. After completing a certified degree program the engineer must satisfy a range of requirements (including work experience and exam requirements) before being certified.

3. Practically all certifying bodies maintain a code of ethics that they expect all members to abide by or risk expulsion. In this way, these organizations play an important role in maintaining ethical standards for the profession. An engineer's work must also comply with numerous other rules and regulations such as *building codes and environmental law².

4. *There is no one typical career way for civil engineers³. Most engineering graduates start with jobs of low responsibility, and as they prove their competence, they are given more responsible tasks. More senior engineers can move into doing more complex analysis or design work, or management of more complex design projects, or management of other engineers, or into specialized consulting.

5. Civil engineers typically apply the principles of geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, environmental engineering, transportation engineering and construction engineering to residential, commercial, industrial and public works projects of all sizes and levels of construction.

2. Notes to the text:

1. … the completed degree is usually designated as a Bachelor of Engineering

- … полную степень обычно называют бакалавр технических наук

2. …building codes and environmental law – … строительные нормы и

закон о защите окружающей среды

3. There is no one typical career way for civil engineers – Не существует

определенного карьерного пути для инженеров-строителей

3. Key vocabulary / words and expressions:

academic degree – звание, ученая степень

designate ['dezigneit] – v определять, обозначать; называть, характеризовать

bachelor ['bætʃələ] – n бакалавр

professional body – орган; совет

satisfy requirements – соответствовать требованиям

maintain [mein'tein] – v поддерживать; сохранять

abide [ə'baid] – v (abode) придерживаться; выполнять

comply with [kəm'plai] – v подчиняться (правилам)

apply [ə'plai] – v применять; употреблять

4. General Understanding. Answer the questions to the text:

1. What degree do the students in civil engineering get after four or five years of studying?

2. When can students choose to specialize in any sub-disciplines?

3. What must an engineer's work comply with?

4. Is there a typical career way for civil engineers?

5. Most engineering graduates start with jobs of high responsibility, don’t they?

6. What principles do civil engineers apply?

5. Phonetic drill. Read the words paying attention to the pronunciation of the italicized letters:

5.1 [o:] w ar m, w a rrant, w a nt, w a ter, w al k, w a sh, w a rrior, w a tch, w a ll

qu a lity, equ a l, qu a ntity

5.2 attem p t [ǝ'tempt], prom p t [ prompt], dou b t [daut], de b t [det]

6. International words. Give Russian equivalents to the following words without a dictionary:

idea [ai'diǝ] energy ['enε:ʤi] author ['o: θǝ] culture ['kΛltòǝ] constructor [kǝn'strΛktǝ] original [ǝ'riʤǝnl] adaptation [ֽædæp΄teiòn] massif ['mæsif] nature ['neitòǝ]

profession [prǝ'feòn] reclamation [ֽrekl¶'meiòn] intervention [ֽintɛ:'venòn] bilateral [bai'lætǝrǝl] ceramic [si'ræmik] zoological [ֽzouǝ'loʤikǝl] function ['fΛnkòǝn] detail ['di:teil]

7. Have you read the text attentively? Give equivalent English phrases to the following Russian ones:

мастер по укладке черепицы________________________________________

считаться искусным в своем ремесле_________________________________

быть подверженным влиянию погоды ________________________________

многослойная штукатурка__________________________________________

столярная мастерская______________________________________________

верхолаз___________________________________________________________

каменщик__________________________________________________________

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