Grammar and practice

Complex Subject

Сложное подлежащее

Структура	Подлежащее (существительное или местоимение) He 2	+ to-Infinitive to study
Перевод	Вводный оборот Говорят, Похоже, Кажется,	1 3 подлежащеесказуемое (что) он учится. придаточного предложения

КонструкцияComplex Subject (или Nominative with the Infini­tive) представляет собой сочетание подлежащего (существитель­ное или местоимение в именительном падеже) с инфинитивом, стоящим после сказуемого. Перевод предложения начинают со сказуемого, которое переводится безличным или неопределённо-личным оборотом (говорят, что; известно, что; кажется, что; и т.п.); далее следует придаточное предложение с инфинитивом в функции сказуемого.

Глаголы, вводящие «Complex Subject»

Глаголы в Passive Voice	1) знание информации и её передача: to be known– известно, что …; to be found– находят, что…; обнаружили, что…; to be thought– думают, считают, что …; to be said – говорят, что …; как говорят; to be stated– констатируют, что…; как утверждают; to be reported / informed – сообщают, как сообщают; to be announced– заявляют, что…; как объявили; to be alleged – утверждают (голословно) 2) предположение: to be expected – ожидают; to be believed – полагают, верят; to be supposed – предполагают; to be considered – считают 3) восприятие: to be seen – видели; to be heard – слышали, прошёл слух
Глаголы в Active Voice	to seem – кажется; to appear – по-видимому, как оказалось; to prove – оказывается, как было доказано; to happen – случайно; случилось так, что….; to turn out – оказывается, что …, как оказалось
Глагол-связка с прилагательными	to be likely to –вероятно, похоже на то; to be unlikely to –маловероятно,невероятно, чтобы; to be sure to – обязательно, несомненно; to be certain to –обязательно, несомненно

1. Practise translating the sentences with the Complex Subject:

A.

1. The jury is sure to draw its own conclusion.

2. The jury is certain to find him guilty.

3. The witnesses are sure to tell the police all the details about the accident.

4. The sportsman is likely to win the first prize.

5. The article is likely to be published in the next issue of the Times.

6. The chief is not likely to pardon you for the mistake in the contract.

7. The instrument is unlikely to be damaged if all rules are followed.

8. Landing is certain to be the most difficult part of a flight to Venus, Mars and Mercury.

B.

1. The English Constitution is considered to be flexible.

2. The wanted man is believed to be living in New York.

3. He is alleged to drive through the town at 90 miles an hour.

4. The Prime Minister is supposed to be in favour of the new law.

5. This party is expected to lose the election.

6. The prisoner is thought to have escaped by climbing over the wall.

7. The thieves are believed to have got in through the kitchen window.

8. They are alleged to have robbed the bank.

9. Two people are reported to have been seriously injured in the accident.

10. Three men are said to have been arrested after the explosion.

C.

1. “ The good of the people is sure to be the first law.” These words are believed to have been said by Cicero. Cicero is known to have been a Roman statesman, lawyer, orator and author. He proves to have been a man of great wisdom.

2. Mrs. Jones is seen to be having a little gossip with Mrs. Smith. Eva Brown is said to get married for the third time. She seems to have got her second divorce recently. The elderly ladies say that at this rate she is sure to lose count of her husbands before she is forty. Eva is thought to be a dreadful woman.

3. Patrick Ellis is heard to have had another accident in his car. He was seen to be driving madly again. His car happened to turn over at high speed on the wet road. Patrick turned out to be badly hurt. His injuries were found to be serious. He appears to be in hospital now. He is likely to be operated on soon. The young man is expected to get over the effects of the accident after all.

2. Paraphrase the following sentences using the Complex Subject according to the model:

e.g. It is expected that they will give her the prize. They are expected to give her the prize.

1. It is expected that he will win the race tomorrow.

2. It is said that the athletes train for eight hours every day.

3. It is believed that this sportsman will break the world record.

4. We know that Bernard Shaw was a very witty man.

5. They are certain that P. Picasso lived most part of his life in France.

6. For a long time people thought that the atom was indivisible.

7. Scientists consider that electricity exists throughout space.

8. It is reported that the world leaders have reached an agreement.

9. It is reported that two criminals have escaped from prison.

10.It is alleged that the criminals are hiding somewhere in the city centre.

11.It is thought that the Academy has good instructors.

12.It is reported that college statutes forbid drinking on campus.

13.It appears that his computing experience is useful.

14.It is thought that a change is as good as a rest.

3. Make up a sentence from the two using the Complex Subject:

e.g. They know it. He lived here. He is known to have lived here.

1. He will come late. We expect him.

2. He was killed in an accident. They say so.

3. He was a judge. They know it.

4. He talked to her. They saw it.

5. The monarch is only a ceremonial leader in the UK. It is common knowledge.

6. The crime rate will increase. It is likely.

7. The city is famous for its steel and iron industry. They report so.

8. The crime rate will decrease. It is unlikely.

9. The course of training will take 2 years. It is thought.

10.Most of the students carried out research work. It is stated so.

11.Britain has no national police force. It has happened so.

12.She will fail her driving test. It is certain.

4. Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Говорят, что он консультирует клиентов (clients) по бракораз­водным вопросам (to counsel smb for divorce proceedings).

2. Видели, как Ева плакала. Несомненно, она навсегда (for ever) запомнит свой последний развод.

3. Полагают, что опыт работы в суде (law court experience) полезен каждому юристу.

4. Наверняка, он расследует это трудное дело.

5. Вряд ли этот следователь самый опытный в управлении.

6. Кажется, он специализируется (to specialize in) на расследова­нии экономических преступлений.

7. Известно, что он – хороший юрист.

8. Считается, что они – члены одной команды (the same team).

9. Говорят, что он был прекрасным специалистом в своей области.

10.Сообщают, что олигарх (the oligarch) покинул страну.

11.Утверждают, что он украл (steal – stole – stolen) много денег из государственной казны (the public purse).

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14