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It was hot in Cairo, so he travelled to Alex. (because)

Mr. Hassan Allam | Mr Mohamed told Ahmed to study his lessons. | Talaat Harb St., | You want your friend to lend you some money. | You advise your younger brother not to watch too much TV. | You apologize for losing the book you borrowed from your friend. | You advise your friend not to play in the street. | You are sure of getting the full marks. | Your friend eats a lot of rice. You advise him. | You want to borrow some money from your elder sister. |


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  1. CAIRO, NOVEMBER 1890
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4-نتيجة + because +سبب

سبب + so +نتيجة

An@He traveled to Alex because it was hot in Cairo.

He studies hard to (in order to) get the highest mark.(because)

إذا طلب منك استخدام because بدلا من to أو in order to فإننا نضع بعد because كلمة want to + inf.

An@ He studies hard because he wants to get the highest mark.

He didn't go to school because he was ill.(because of)

إذا طلب منك استخدام because of بدلاً من because فإننا نحذف فاعل الجملة ونضع للفعلing.

An@ He didn't go to school because of being ill.

 

Although he is rich, he is unhappy. (but)

5- Although + الجملة الرئيسية + جملة التناقض

الجملة الرئيسية+ but +جملة التناقض

 

الجملة الرئيسية+ but +جملة التناقض

جملة التناقض + Although + الجملة الرئيسية

An@He is rich, but he is unhappy

The weather was bad, but he went out. (Although)


An@He went out although the weather was bad.

لاحظ أن However تساوي but.

Although he is ill, he went to school.(Despite)

despite تتساوي في المعني مع although أي أنها تتدخل علي الجملة الرئيسية و لكنها تختلف عنها في أنها يأتي بعدها فعل مضاف إليه ing أو اسم و لذلك إذا عكس وضع الجملة السابقة و طلب وضع although مكان despite فيجب وضع فاعل و فعل بعد although.

Although + فاعل+ فعل, …………………

Despite + اسم (v-ing)……, ……………

An@Despite being ill, he went to school.

4- not only ………but …also..

He played well and scored a goal.

He not only played well but he also scored a goal.

6-too صفة to مصدر

So صفة that جملة كاملة

The tea is too hot to drink.

= the tea is so hot that I can't drink it.

7-Either ….or ….. أما......... أو............

تستخدم للتعبير عن الاحتمالات أو الاختيارات...

في حالة الإثبات أو الاستفهام

تأتى قبل الجزئيين المختلفين في الجملة

She is either a doctor or a teacher.

Do you speak either English or French?

Neither …….nor ………. ولا.......ولا..........

تربط بين جملتين في حالة النفي

يحذف النفي من الجملة

أيضا تأتى قبل الجزئيين المختلفين في الجملة

He isn’t a doctor. He isn’t a teacher.

Neither is he a doctor nor a teacher.

He is neither a doctor nor a teacher.

She doesn’t read. She doesn’t write.

She neither reads nor writes.

Nader isn’t here. His fiends aren’t here.

Neither Nader nor his friends are here.

لاحظ.. أن الفعل هنا يتبع الفاعل الأخير.

Rather & Quite

Rather قليلا / إلى حد ما

تستخدم rather عندما لا يكون الشيء مفضلا لدينا (شعور سلبي):

The shirt is rather expensive.

The story is rather boring / dull.

Quite قليلا / إلى حد ما

تستخدم quite عندما يكون الشيء مفضلا لدينا (شعور ايجابي)

The shirt is quite cheap.

The story is quite interesting.

Used to

1.Use (used) يستخدم


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