From specific to general

A specific to general classification, what the smaller (or lower-level) components make when they are put together, usually has the following expressions:

are... of	constitute
make up	may be
form	can be
	are classified as

A specific to general classification will have plural verbs, because two or more lower-level categories are the focus of classification.

Examples

1. The control unit, the arithmetic-logical unit, and memory are the three parts of the CPU.

2. The control unit, the arithmetic-logical unit, and memory are the three parts that make up the CPU.

3. The control unit, the arithmetic-logical unit, and memory are the three parts that form the CPU.

4. The control unit, the arithmetic-logical unit and memory are the three parts that constitute the CPU.

5. The control unit, the arithmetic-logical unit, and memory together are classified as the CPU.

N.B. The active/passive pairs such as made up and make up are not interchangeable.

Example

The CPU is made up of the control unit, the arithmetic-logical unit, and memory, (from general to specific.)

Not: 'The CPU makes up the control unit, the arithmetic-logical unit, and memory.'

Not: 'The control unit, the arithmetic-logical unit, and memory are made up of the CPU.'

Finally, understanding classification is important for understanding and recognizing definitions.

Exercise 1

Refer back to Units 9 and 10 and while reading complete the diagram.

Exercise 2

Using the diagram below, complete the paragraph that follows.

A computer has four basic components: input, processor, memory, and

output. The CPU consists of two parts: the.............................. which

directs and controls the signals and commands inside the processor, and

the................................ unit which does the arithmetic operations and

the decision-making operations. While the............................. is

made up of a.............................., a................................,

a................................ and a................................., the

............................... is composed of...............................,

a................................ and................................., which compares

information and makes decisions based on the results of the comparisons.

In a computer, internal memory or.............................. refers to the

storage locations inside the computer, whereas............................

refers to the storage embodied in the peripherals..............................

can be divided into three types:..............................,

............................... and............. „.,r...................................................

on the other hand may be grouped as.............................

(...............................)or................................. (................................).

The................................ devices can be either a...............................,

a................................, a................................ or a

These devices enter the information into the computer. After the

processor has operated on it, the............................. devices display

the results of the computations on either a............................. or a

..............................., or store them on tape or disk for future use.

UNIT 14

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