Exercise 2. – ORAL. Ask questions to the following statements.

SYNTAX

BASIC SENTENCE-STRUCTURES

LESSON 8

“There+ be” Construction

Impersonal Sentences

Imperative sentences

A.The most common structures with introductory – there -: there is / are; there was / were; there has been / have been / had been; there will be – Questions: - is there – are there –etc.

▪ There is a hole in my sock. – Is there a hole in my sock?

B. We use –there is – to say that something exists (or doesn’t exist) somewhere. – It- is not used in this way. These constructions have the meaning «есть», «имеется», «находится», «существует».

▪ There is snow on the mountains.

▪ There are two men at the door.

▪ There was a telephone call for you last night.

▪ There has been an accident.

▪ There will be a lot of people at the party.

C. Compare –there is / are – and – it is / they are: We use there + be to say that something exists; we use a personal pronoun – it -, -they + be – to give more details.

▪ There is a letter for you. It is from Australia.

▪ There is a man at the door. It is Mr Davis.

▪ There are some biscuits in the kitchen. They are in the cupboard.

D. The verb – to be – in such constructions can be used with modal verbs (can, may, must, ought to):

▪ There must be a dictionary on the shelf.

▪ There can be no doubt about it.

▪ There must be a lot of noise from the traffic.

E. We also use –it – + to… -in sentences like this (impersonal sentences):

▪ It is dangerous to walk in the road. (Normally we begin with –it-…)

▪ It’s nice to see you again.

▪ It’s impossible to understand her.

▪ It wasn’t easy to find your house.

▪ It didn’t take us long to get there.

F. We also use –it – to talk about distance, time and weather:

▪ How far is it from here to the airport.

▪ What day is it today.

▪ It is a long time since we saw you last.

▪ It was windy yesterday.

▪ It is raining.

▪ It is snowing.

▪ It is half past five already.

▪ It was much warmer yesterday.

▪ It is late.

▪ It is 16 March..

Compare it and there:

▪ It rains a lot in winter. - ▪ There is a lot of rain in winter.

G. We use –it – to mean ‘the unknown person’:

▪ Did something ring? – It was Vicky. She just called to say she has arrived safely.

H. Interrogative and negative forms:

▪ Is there a telephone in your room? – No, there isn’t. – No, there is no telephone in my room.

A. Imperative sentences express commands, requests and invitations. The imperative mood of the verb is formed with the help of the infinitive without the particle – to -:

▪ Calm down!

▪ Relax!

▪ Freeze!

▪ Dismiss!

B. -The imperative mood for the first and for the third persons is formed with the help of the verb – LET / LET’S – to make suggestions or give orders to a group that includes the speaker:

▪ Let me (them) explain it.

▪ We are late. Let’s (us) hurry.

▪ Let’s stay at home.

-The normal negative is - Let’s not-…

▪ Let’s not tell Granny what happened.

-Note the common expressions -let me see- and –let me think:

▪ So what time will I get there? Let me see – suppose I start at half past six…

▪ What am I going to wear? Let me think – it’s too cold for the black dress…

C. -We make the negative imperative with - don’t - In imperatives, -do- and - don’t- can be used before –be-:

▪ Don’t be so noisy!

▪ Don’t open the window!

▪ Do be quiet!

-The imperative doesn’t normally have a subject, but we can use a noun or pronoun to make it clear who we are speaking to:

▪ Andrew, shut the door, please.

▪ Have some more coffee, Kate.

▪ Sit down, everybody.

D. - Will you or Would you are the most common ways to make question tags after an imperative sentence:

▪ Take care, will / would you?

-Will you is the only possible form after a negative imperative:

▪ Don’t be late, will you?

▪ Don’t interfere, will you?

PRACTICE

Exercise 1. Put in the correct form – there is – there isn’t -

1. …………………………………no water on the moon.

2. …………………………………no railways in the 18^th century.

3. Once upon a time………………………………………a beautiful princess.

4. Tomorrow……………………………………….snow.

5. …………………………………….some soup, if you are hungry.

6. …………………………………….any potatoes?

7. …………………………………….wars all through history.

8. …………………………………….many tigers left in the wild?

9. ……………………………………..an accident can, I phone?

10. I’m afraid…………………………..time to see Granny.

Exercise 2. – ORAL. Ask questions to the following statements.

1. There is a cat in the window.

2. There are a few changes in the text.

3. There are plenty of glasses in the cupboard.

4. There were a lot of people at the stadium.

5. There isn’t anything on the plate.

6. There wasn’t anybody in the room.

7. There are difficult exercises in this book.

8. There is something on the shelf.

9. There will be some interesting programmes on TV tomorrow.

10. There are several empty seats in the room.

Exercise 3. Put in – there is – there isn’t – is there – there are – there aren’t – are there –

1. Kenham isn’t an old town. …………………………………any old buildings.

2. Look! ……………………...a photograph of your brother in the newspaper!

3. “Excuse me, …………………………………..a bank near here?” “Yes, at the end of the street.”

4. ………………………………………………….five people in my family: my parents, my two sisters and me.

5. “How many students………………………………………………. in the class?” “Twenty.”

6. “Can we take a photograph?” “No, ……………………………………..a film in the camera.”

7. “………………………………………………..a bus from the city centre to the airport?” “Yes, every twenty minutes.”

8. ………………………………………………any problems? No, everything is OK.

9. …………………………………………….nowhere to sit down. …………any chairs.

Exercise 4. Put in – there was / there wasn’t / there were / there weren’t –

1.I was hungry but……………………………..anything to eat.

2. …………………………………….any letters for me yesterday?

3.……………………………………..a football match on TV last night. Did you see it?

4.‘We stayed at a very nice hotel.’ ‘Did you?.......................................................a swimming pool?’

5.‘Did you buy any eggs?’ ‘No, …………………………………………….any in the shop.’

6.The wallet was empty. ……………………………………………….any money in it.

7.……………………………………………many people at the meeting? ‘No, very few.’

8.We didn’t visit the museum. ……………………………………..enough time.

9.I’m sorry I’m late. ……………………………………..a lot of traffic.

10. Twenty years ago……………………………………….many tourists here. Now there area lot.

Exercise 5. Put in – there + is / are / was / were / has been / have been / will be –

1…………………………………….a good film on TV yesterday evening.

2…………………………………….24 hours in a day.

3…………………………………….a party at the club last Friday but I didn’t go.

4.Where can I buy a newspaper? …………………………………………a shop at the end of the street.

5. ‘Why are those policemen outside the bank?’ ‘…………………………………………a robbery.’

6. When we arrived at the cinema, ………………………………………….a long queue to see the film.

7. When you arrive tomorrow, ……………………………………..somebody at the station to meet you.

8. Ten years ago………………………………………500 children at the school. Now………………………………………more than a thousand.

9. Last week I went back to the town where I was born. It’s very different now. ……………………………………..a lot of changes.

10. I think everything will be OK. I don’t think…………………………………any problems.

Exercise 6. Read the first sentence and then write a sentence beginning – there –

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16