Exercise 5. Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the syntactical function of the gerund.

Subject

1. Going out with Shane Miller was a mistake. (S.Sh.) 2. There was no doubting that he had made a mistake. 3. Sailing with him was one of her great pleasures. (D.S.) 4. There was no denying that Gwen was impressive. (D.S.) 5. It felt so good just being back in France. (D.S.) 6. I had long since learned that visiting only brings sorrow. (S.L.) 7. It's no use arguing with him now. 8. It was no good objecting.

Predicative

1. Striking is leaving off work till you get your own rate of wages. (E.G.) 2. But the greatest challenge of all was coming to terms with his memories of Anne. (D.S.) 3. "What I hate about it is putting her ahead of honest-to-goodness fare-paying passengers who've been waiting hours already." (A.H.) 4. Are you for or against staying here? 5. The real problem is getting something done about the cheap imports. (D.Biber) 6. His first job was getting her tea.7. Our main problem was finding time to do the work. (B.D.Graver)

Part of a compound verbal predicate

1. Presently they left off singing and commenced talking. (M.F.) 2. Ned took the telephone from Tanya and began speaking rapidly in a low tone. (A.H.) 3. Don't say anything. She'll start thinking it's all her fault. (M.F.) 4. "Is it me?" I asked. "Yes," he said quickly, "it is you," and he went on looking at it (the photograph). (S.L.) 5. The woman kept reassuring her that her friends would like it. (D.S.) 6. They've finished cross-checking the finger-prints on the bodies of the victims. (S.Sh.)

Direct object

1. I remember once asking him if he wanted to write. (S.M.) 2. She loathed working at Global Computer Graphics. (S.Sh.) 3. He always enjoyed talking to her. (D.S.) 4. He loved feeling Gwen near him. (D.S.) 5. This man looked so careworn that Margaret could not help giving him am answering smile. (E.G.) 6. It was a fair price and well worth doing. (D.S.) 7. I don't mind cooking, but I hate cleaning up after. (D.S.) 8. Up to 100 people face losing their jobs. (D.T.) 9Fancy living in the middle of factories and factory people!(E.G.) 10. She was too busy rolling out of the way. (J.L.)

Prepositional object

1. John nagged her again about going to the doctor. (D.S.) 2. I felt like writing a dozen letters there and then. (N.L.) 3. Pascale was used to defending them to each other. (D.S.) 4. She nodded yes, and was not very good at masking her pride. (E.S.) 5. Mr. Arafat has been accused of deliberately attempting to undermine his prime minister. (D.T.) 6. Doubts such as these prevent me from taking active measures. (S.L.) 7. "I am particularly looking forward to doing a very interesting job." (N.I.) 8. He might, unlike Alexander, be capable of smiling occasionally. (A.M.L.) 9. The governments hope that unionists will return to sharing power with Sinn Fein. (D.T.) 10.Duncan had insisted on waiting in Neville's sitting room. (J.L.) 11. Arlette told Richard about growing up in Rome. (S.Sh.)

Attribute

1. Ashley was an expert in advertising and graphic design. (S.Sh.) 2. Have you any particular reason for thinking that? (A.Chr.) 3. I like your funny way of doing things. (A.Chr.) 4. She hated to give up the idea of spending a month in St.Tropez. (D.S.) 5. He was famous in their midst for his distaste for spending money. (D.S.) 6. Gertie was the only one who had felt any sorrow at parting with me. (M.F.) 7. He announced his intention of obtaining the opinion of some good masters. (M.F.) 8. He looked unimpressed either by her lack of enthusiasm for meeting Gwen, or by Pascale's. (D.S.) 9. I am sorry you have had the trouble of calling twice (E.G.) 10. They underestimate the difficulty of "making humour". (S.L.) 11. In that case there doesn't seem to be any point in my forbidding it. (S.M.)

Adverbial modifiers

1. On taking their departure they cordially invited us to return their visits. (M.F.) 2. At hearing things put so bluntly, forcing her to understand, Mrs. Abbandano began to weep. (M.P.) 3. I paused before replying. (S.M.) 4. "How was Christmas? Ours was awful," she volunteered without stopping for breath. (D.S.) 5. Our first fifteen years or so were spent in getting education. (S.L.) 6. In writing this I ought to explain that I am a tottering old man of forty-six. (S.L.) 7. I've written a lot of them down for fear of losing them. (S.L.) 8. She could hardly read for laughing. (S.L.) 9. The company's solution was to increase security by introducing barriers. (D.T.) 10. By then the dogs had gotten used to Pascale and only stood there barking, instead of trying to attack her. (D.S.) 11. He probably should have made an effort to meet her prior to making the commitment. (J.L.) 12. I was to be given more time on account of being ugly – I was not a valuable article in the marriage market. (M.F.) 13. He passed his time in drinking tea and looking at the photographs. (S.L.) 14. Besides losing all nerve, I had a very queer voice which everyone remarked. (M.F.)

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