Ozone bleaching 793, 798

– basic considerations 829–830

– comparison of different stages 843–846

– efficiency 784

– installations 810

– medium-consistency 805

Index 1329

– selectivity 836

Ozone gas management 828

Ozone-lignin reactions 795

ozone placement, bleaching stage 843–849

Ozone stage 948

Ozone technology 806

ozone treatment 831–840

– chemistry 785–798

– high-consistency 827

– medium-consistency 826–827

– selectivity 820

– technology 826–829

Ozonide hydrotrioxy radical 791

Ozonolysis 793

p

P-factor

– alkali resistances 354

– beechwood water prehydrolysis 344–345

– concept 343–345

– different H-factor levels 359

– modified 345

– oxygen delignification efficiency 259

– TCF-bleached dissolving pulp 1051

– unbleached Visbatch® pulp 352–353, 355,

P-Y bleaching 1132

P(O) stage 866

packaging, categories 1192–1193

Packaging papers, utilization rate 1168

Packing, degree of 428

PAD see pulsed amperometric detection

Paper

– average moisture content, birch 125

– chemical composition of wood 23

– collection 1178–1180

– dirty points 1076

– making 4–7, 1073, 1281–1290

– production 1147, 1153

– properties, unbleached spruce pulp 109

– recovered 1147–1210

– recovered, european list of standard

grades 1203–1210

– recycled 1199

– structure 59

– “tree-free” 14

Paper chromatography, uronic acids

Determination 1233

Paper grade 1009, 1142, 1162, 1169

– EN643 1157

– Europe 1157, 1205

– graphic 1169

– Japan 1161, 1163

– North America 1161

– United States 1162

– utilization rate 1167–1169

paper-grade pulp 1010–1021

– chemical characterization 1013

– extended oxygen delignification 728

Paper machine, invention 5

Paper Products Recovered Materials Advisory

Notice, US legislation 1196

Paper pulp

– alkali resistances 1015

– fiber dimensions 1021

– molecular weight distribution 1019

Paper raw material, recycled fibers

1153–1156

Para-crystallinity, single-phase model 1258

Para-quinone methide, lignin chemistry

intermediate molecule 164–165

Parenchymal cells

– connection 46

– hardwoods 54

– rattan 50

– wood cells 49

Partial kappa numbers

– lignin fractions after washing 724

– resistant lignin fractions 724

Partial pressure, ozone 779

Particle size distribution, viscose samples

Passage ratio

– debris see debris passage ratio

– fibers see fiber passage ratio

Passing velocity 565

PDI see polydispersity index

Pectin 30

Peeling

– anhydro-sugar unit removal 175–176

– oxidative 177

– secondary 188

Peeling effect, fiber walls 1049

Peeling reactions 937

– polysaccharides 661

– pulp purification 934

– starting from reducing end-groups

660–662

– starting from stablizing end-groups 662

– stopping at 4-O-methylglucuronic acid side

Chains 179

Penetrability, wood species 135

Penetration, kraft cooking mass transfer 122,

129, 132–137

Penetration factor 134

Index

Penetration rate, effect of steam pressure

During pre-steaming 130

Pentosan

– as function of cooking temperature 463

– as function of H-factor 464

– determination 1233

Pentoses

– degradation 420

– hemicelluloses 28

– spent liquor content as function of

Viscosity 456

Дата добавления: 2015-10-21