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Lo-Solids™ process
– birch laboratory cooks 301–302
– dissolved lignin concentration at different
Digester locations 298
Index 1323
– downflow single-vessel hydraulic digester
– Eucalyptus urophylla laboratory cooks
304–305
– introduction 299
– process steps and flow regime 389
– results 298–306
– single-vessel hydraulic digester 388
– technology and equipment 388–390
Lobolly pine
– average moisture content 125
– lignin weight fractions 213
– photosensitized degradation 656
Lobry de Bruyn-Alberda van Ekenstein
mechanism 1233–1234
LODP see level-off DP
Log handling, wood yard operations 97
Log storage, wood 1076
Long fiber removal, as function of short fiber
Loss 592
Long loop gas management 829
Longitudinal diffusion
– dependency on temperature and activation
Energy 140
– residual sodium fractions 139
Longitudinal groundwood 1079
Lophira alata, stem section 58
Low consistency discharge
– downflow reactor 625
– Metso Tower scrapers 624
low-consistency ozone bleaching 806–807
– delignification selectivity 809
Low-lignin pulp, production in AQ-kraft
Process 323
Low molecular fraction, adsorbable organic
Compounds 771
Low molecular-weight components,
determination 1219–1226
Low-temperature gasification 482, 992
Low unbleached kappa-values 716
Low-viscosity pulp 464
– sulfite cooking 957
Low-volume high-concentration 372
Lower cooking circulation 298
Lowest Unoccupied Molecule Orbital
– benzylium cation 409
– carbonium-oxonium ion 417
– quinone-methide 166
LUMO see Lowest Unoccupied Molecule
Orbital
LVHC see low-volume high-concentration
Lyocell dopes, discoloration 1027
Lyocell process 1022
m
+M-effect 790
Macrofibrils, cellulose 41
Macromolecular chains, solution viscosity
1248–1251
macromolecular composition 1227–1256
Macromolecular substances, wood 22
Macropores, accessibility 1054
Macroscopic level, wood characterization 21
Macrostructure, pulp stone 1093
Magazine-type grinder, mechanical pulping
magnefite process 466–467
– pH range 393
– two-stage neutral 467–468
Magnesium
– protective effect 668
– stabilizing effect on hydrogen peroxide
Magnesium acid sulfite cook, beech
435–437, 439
Magnesium carbonate, cellulose protection
710–711
Magnesium hydrogen sulfite
– diffusion coefficient 404
– solution 392
Magnesium hydroxide, pulp bleaching 1130
Magnesium oxide 879
Magnolia, average moisture content 125
Manganese
– distribution between fiber wall and external
Solution 419
– pulp sorption as function of pH 523
– removal 862
Manganese complex, model 877
Mannan 834
– content 1028
– content as function of P-factor in
unbleached Visbatch® pulp 361
– dissolving pulp characterization 1061
– in relation to screened yield 362
– in relation to viscosity-to-kappa number
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