The history of scientific and technological progress

Are we the prisoners of the technological progress?

Авторы работы:

Мотыль Виктор Евгеньевич

Синельников Тимофей Юрьевич

Научный руководитель:

Сябро Марина Адольфовна

учитель английского языка

г. Печора

2013 год

Plan:

1) The scientific and technical progress (STP).

a) The history of STP (page 3)

b) The Industrial Revolution (page 5)

c) XX century (page 7)

2) The most popular and useful gadgets.

a) Advantages

b) Disadvantages (page 9)

3) The experiment: my life without my favorite gadgets.

a) Victor’s life without favorite gadgets (page 13)

b) Tim’s life without favorite gadgets

4) The output (page 15)

The aim: to analyze the dependence of a mankind on scientific and technological gadgets and devices

The tasks:

- to get information about the history of STP;

- to discover the benefits and disadvantages of different gadgets;

- to find out the reasons of our addiction to some devices.

Hypothesis: we have become too dependent on different gadgets and devices.

Methods of the research: analysis, synthesis, comparison.

Subject: technological gadgets and devices.

The history of scientific and technological progress

It’s difficult to overestimate the role of science and technology in our life. They accelerate the development of civilization and help us in our co-operation with nature. Scientists investigate the laws of the universe, discover the secrets of nature and apply their knowledge in practice improving the life of people.

Now let's look at history of scientific and technological progress.

In the course of his historic development man gradually learned to use the forces of nature and created our civilization. He managed to change the earth beyond recognition: inhabited vast expanses of wilderness, constructed roads, plants and irrigated deserts. Man is also the creator of the innumerable spiritual treasures of mankind: the wonderful works of art, literature and science. All this became possible thanks to man’s labor, his ability to learn, to understand and explain different phenomena of the material world.

In this progressive advance of man a particularly significant role belongs to energy.

Steam engine

First man learned to use the energy of fire. Many thousand years passed before man learned to use the energy of wind, water and stream, and later – electricity. For producing electricity man discovered and began to use different energy resources: coal, oil, gas, shale, hydropower and nuclear energy.

Not so long ago man invented and put into service the steam engine and steam locomotives. Then he attached the steam engine to looms and to various wheels and so work began to speed up.

Steam locomotive

The steam engine worked a revolution in the mode of production. The discovery and use electricity brought about the industrial revolution. A multitude of machines – mechanical, steam and electrical –began to do man’s difficult and complex work. But man’s brain still controlled the machines doing the work. He started them, guided them and stopped them. He judged their work and corrected errors. His eyes, ears and sense of touch did the observing, and his brain interpreted their information. Then people invented machines and electronic computers which freed the worker not only of the performance of all production

Electricity

operations but even of control.

The machine made a great contribution to the spread of information and the advance of learning. The machine system made it possible to include science in production on a l arge scale. But it was a long and a hard way. It took the steam engine more than a century to develop its tremendous capacity to the full. The industrial revolution, brought about by the discovery and use of electricity, took some 50-60 years to run its course.

The second half of the 20th century began an entirely new era – the era of the scientific and technological revolution. It is due to complex mechanization and full automation.

The discovery of the chain reaction of nuclear fission and the reaction of thermonuclear fusion promises mankind a practically unlimited source of energy. Now scientists began to study and use outer space for Man’s benefit.

All this is possible thanks to a wide introduction of scientific discoveries in production.

We live in the epoch when science becomes direct productive force of society. All-round automation determines the social consequences of the scientific-technological progress. Automation will take over man’s manual work and electronic computers will relieve him of much of his mental work, leaving him time for creativity. It obliterates the distinctions between physical and mental labor.

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