VOCABULARY II

Lead in

TASK 1. Look at the pictures below and say what health problems the people in them are suffering from

Have you or members of your family ever had such problems?

What do you/they usually do in situations like that?

TASK 2. Say whether you agree or disagree with the following quotations about health. Give reasons:

1. Be careful about reading health books. You may die of a misprint (Mark Twain).
2. The human body is the only machine for which there are no spare parts (Hermann M. Biggs).

VOCABULARY I

TASK 3. Read the definitions of the most widely used words for the condition of being ill or the causes of such condition, then choose the most appropriate word for the sentences below

1. an illness – a health problem that you are suffering from which makes you feel ill
2. a disease – an illness affecting humans, animals or plants, often caused by infection
3. a symptom – a change in your body or mind that shows that you are not healthy
4. a complaint – an illness that affects a particular part of your body, especially one that is not very serious - used especially by doctors or in medical books
5. a virus – a small living thing that causes infectious illnesses, or a type of infectious illness
6. a bug – an illness that people catch very easily from each other but that is not very serious
7. a disorder – an illness that prevents part of your body from working properly or affects the way you behave, especially one that is permanent or continues for a long time
8. an infection – an illness that is caused by bacteria and that affects one part of your body, such as your ears, throat, lungs, or skin
9. an ailment – an illness of condition, especially one that affects a particular part of your body (old-fashioned)
10. a malady – an illness (old use)

1. There's a __________ going around - four people in my office were sick last week.

2. I think I've picked up the __________ that's been going round the office.

3. Childhood __________ such as measles and chickenpox are highly contagious.

4. Hay fever is a common __________ in spring and summer.

5. The hospital specializes in treating __________ of the brain.

6. Travellers to India are advised to get vaccinated against infectious __________ such as typhoid before they go.

7. Minor __________ such as colds are usually best left to get better by themselves.

8. If you don't clean the wound properly you could get an __________.

9. Should doctors always tell patients that they have terminal __________ such as cancer?

10. The first __________ of hepatitis are tiredness, vomiting, and loss of weight.

11. After two years of therapy, Duane was able to conquer his eating __________.

12. Once a person is infected, they may recover naturally or they may become a chronic carrier of the __________.

13. Patients who often complain of minor __________ might have something more important on their minds.

14. He is having treatment for a chest __________.

15. Gemima's been off school with a tummy __________ this week.

16. The cream is normally used for treating minor skin __________.

17. Her chronic __________, the result of a golf injury, has provided its share of good fortune, however.

18. Men have brought __________ infection home to their wives, and the __________ has penetrated the entire society.

TASK 4. The words from ex. 3 can be used with different attributes, for example:

a disease	chronic; contagious; deadly; fatal; incurable; infectious; inflammatory; serious; transmitted; tropical
an illness	acute; chronic; depressive; fatal; infectious; long; major; mental; minor; physical; psychiatric; respiratory; serious; severe; short; terminal
a symptom	clinical; gastrointestinal; mental; mild; physical; psychiatric; respiratory; severe
a complaint	common; chest; minor; skin;
a virus	chronic; deadly; ebola; human; HIV; live
a bug	flu; nasty; stomach; a 24-hour flu bug
a disorder	eating; heart; lung; mental; stomach; psychiatric
an infection	mild; slight; severe
an ailment	minor; physical; trivial, various
a malady	chronic; common

Answer the questions using the collocations from the table above:

1. Why does Jenny have to spend a fortnight in the same hospital two or three times a year?
2. When had you better not come too close to a friend of yours even if you really want to?
3. How would one characterize a disease that kills people without any hope of recovery?
4. Harry had some red spots of his hands, cheeks and neck. How did his mother describe his problem to the doctor on the telephone?
5. Mark had eaten a lot of exotic dishes he wasn’t used to, and the next day he felt sick. What did he have?
6. In a science fiction novel the government creates a special settlement for some people who are ill after being in contact with aliens, not allowing anyone to even approach the barred. What does the government try to stop spreading?
7. What is usually considered to be initial information to start a patient’s case history?
8. Sometimes it’s called “the living creature that haunts the African continent like a shadow”. Do you know what it is?
9. What type of infection should we be most aware of in winter?
10. What do people who come to live in hot climates are prone to?

TASK 5.

A. Which of the following symptoms are characteristic of stomach disorders and which are signs of a respiratory illness? Which can be found in both cases?

diarrhea irritation in the throat fatigue

chills muscular aches constipation

1. Read the two texts below and add more collocations to the box in task 4.
2. Work in pairs. Student A makes 6 questions about the characteristic features of the disease described in text 1, while student B does the same with text 2, then answer each other’s questions.

Text 1 In general influenza is an acute viral infection of the upper or lower respiratory tracts. Spanish Influenza Epidemic was the most severe influenza outbreak of the 20th century and, in terms of total numbers of deaths, possibly the most devastating epidemic in human history. The cause of the extreme virulence of this outbreak is not known. The outbreak apparently originated in Camp Funston, Kansas, U.S., in early March 1918. American troops that arrived in western Europe in April to participate in World War I are thought to have brought the virus with them, and by July it had spread to Poland. During the summer the virus mutated into a more lethal strain and a second more severe form of the disease emerged in August 1918. The onset of symptoms was abrupt, with sudden and distinct chills, fatigue, and muscular aches. The temperature rose rapidly to 40° C. People experienced diffuse headache and irritation in the throat. Pneumonia often developed quickly, with death usually coming two days after the first indications of the flu. Outbreaks of the flu occurred in nearly every inhabited part of the world. Altogether an estimated 30 million persons throughout the world perished.

Text 2 Shortly after The Golden Clipper left Pago Pago, several of the crew members became ill with enterocolitis. Diarrhoea was the most frequent symptom, while some of the sick complained of constipation and sharp pains in the stomach. Since everyone who suffered this intestinal disorder had eaten at the same cafe, the ship’s doctor surmised that the crew members had contracted this disease by eating tainted fish. The government of the Philippines, however, fearing the spread of a contagion, refused to let the ship dock in Manila Bay. Instead, the whole crew was transferred to a lazaretto floating three miles offshore. A staff of doctors and nurses cared for those who were ill and carefully observed the other members for any signs of the malady. The crew had their blood, urine and faeces tested regularly. Fortunately, none of them died of the disease. When no new cases developed after three days, the Philippine doctors ruled out any possibility of a contagion. The ailing crew members were then transferred to a hospital in Manila, and the others were permitted to return to The Golden Clipper and dock in Manila Bay.

VOCABULARY II

TASK 6. Use the words from the box to diagnose the disorders the people complain about:

(a) swelling an itch a bruise a bump a lump a boil a sprain a scab a scratch a gash a rash a graze

1. I suddenly twisted my ankle joint and now it’s extremely painful.

2. I have bleeding marks of my cat’s claws all over my right arm.

3. I have an uncomfortable feeling on my skin that makes me scratch it with my nails all the time.

4. I was slicing ham and suddenly my knife slipped out. As a result there is a dramatically deep cut between my thumb and the index finger.

5. After colliding with my big brother in the dark hall both of us have raised and swollen skin on our foreheads.

6. After the fight I am all covered in purple spots that have started to turn yellow.

7. I’m in a mess! Look at me! My lower lip is much larger than it should be! I think it’s infectious. It looks disgusting!

8. My cut is getting better, but there is still a hard layer of dried blood over it.

9. I know I’m allergic to prawns or shrimps and after eating them I’ll be covered in small red spots.

10. When I press the inner part of my left thigh I feel something small and hard inside, under the skin.

11. Wearing uncomfortable boots resulted in some painful areas on my heels and toes that are full of liquid.

12. Don’t you worry about me, though I feel off my bike I only have a minor wound on my knee that doesn’t even bleed.

TASK 7. Fill in the gaps with one of the words from the task above.

1. After my awkward fall on the football pitch, I thought my wrist might be broken, but it was just a bad _____.
2. A thick piece of glass fell on Rebecca’s head and blood poured from a deep _____in her forehead.
3. After the kids’ attempt to wash the cat, there were deep _____ all over their faces.
4. You'll need to go to the doctor to have that _____ lanced. – What will he do with it? – He will puncture and clean it.
5. In comparison studies, babies wearing these nappies seem to have _____ less often and less severely.
6. Research shows that not only women after 50 but also those who are much younger should never ignore a breast _____.
7. The wound is healing very well but don't pick at your _____ – you might make it bleed.
8. After the wasp stung her, Susanne had a _____ on her leg for days.
9. Monica fell down the stairs and had a big purple _____ just under her eye.
10. Ouch! I hit my head on this thick branch! - It's only a little _____ – nothing serious.
11. Adam walked away from the crash with just a _____ on his left shoulder; it only slightly bled.
12. That's a nasty _____ and there is quite a lot of blood. You might need stitches.
13. I got a small _____ on my hand when I fell onto some gravel.
14. I've got a terrible _____ where the mosquito bit me. – Just use this ointment, it will help.

TASK 8. Read the poem about a little girl’s ‘desire’ to go to school and fill in the table with the names of diseases and complaints the author has mentioned:

I am Sick

"I cannot go to school today," said little Peggy Ann McKay.

"I have the measles and the mumps, a gash, a rash, and purple bumps.

My mouth is wet, my throat is dry. I'm going blind in my right eye.

My tonsils are as big as rocks. I've counted sixteen chicken pox.

And there's one more - that's seventeen! And don't you think my face looks green?

My leg is cut, my eyes are blue - it might be instamatic flu.
I cough and sneeze and gasp and choke. I'm sure that my left leg is broke.

My hip hurts when I move my chin, my belly button's caving in,

My back is wrenched, my ankle's sprained, my 'pendix pains each time it rains.

My nose is cold, my toes are numb. I have a sliver in my thumb.
My neck is stiff, my spine is weak. I hardly whisper when I speak.

My tongue is filling up my mouth. I think my hair is falling out.

My elbow's bent - my spine ain't straight. My temperature is one-o-eight.

My brain is shrunk, I cannot hear, there is a hole inside my ear.

I have a hangnail, and my heart is -...WHAT?

What's that? What's that you say? You say today is...Saturday?

G'bye, I'm going out to play!"

Diseases / Illnesses	Complaints

Do you know what the real symptoms of each of the diseases mentioned in the poem are?

In what situations may people actually suffer from the complaints listed above?

TASK 9. Find English equivalents for the words and expressions given below.

1. заразне, інфекційне захворювання

2. сильний кашель

3. мигдалини

4. глибока рана, розріз

5. втрата ваги

6. підхопити вірус

7. розтягти щиколотку

8. задирка

9. вітряна віспа / вітряка

10. невиліковна хвороба

11. зробити щеплення

12. кір

13. дитячі хвороби

14. кишкова інфекція

15. нежить; застуда

16. розлад шлунка

17. сінна лихоманка

18. свинка

19. різана або колота рана

20. розлад харчування

21. порушення роботи серця

22. шкірні подразнення

23. серйозна травма

24. симптоми хвороби / захворювання

25. пухлина, припухлість

26. запор

READING

TASK 10. Pre-reading task. Study the following expressions and say which of them can be applied when speaking about a patient and about someone who looks after the patient. Make illustrative sentences:

To be in the grips of some fatal illness

to wear an expression of martyrdom

to nurse and fuss over somebody

migraine

a hangover

furrow one’s brow

to restore someone to health

not to want to be a bother to anyone

to assert

on some flimsy pretext

to be taken for granted

the spirit of noble self-sacrifice

soothing potions

to get the hang of something

TASK 11. Read the text and answer the questions below:

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