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Negative form

Читайте также:
  1. Affirmative and negative expressions
  2. B. Rewrite the following sentences as negative sentences, yes/no questions, WH-questions (using the underlined word or phrase) and tag questions.
  3. Bring another chair. Hurryup or we'll be late. We form the negative with don't.
  4. C) Exactly one of the numbers is negative.
  5. Complete the sentences, Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative.
  6. Complete the text with the past simple affirmative, negative or question forms of the verbs in brackets.
  7. Evaluating positions - negative

I / you I we / they don't (= do not) know

he / she doesn't (= does not) know

Question form

Do I / you / we / they know?

Does he / she know?

1 We use the Present simple for:

a habits or things we do regularly.

I go for a run before breakfast.

b things that are generally or always true.

They live in a small village.

2 These are the spelling rules for he / she / it.

Verb Rule Example
ends in a consonant + -y (fly) change -y to -ies This airline fliesto Hong Kong.
ends in -s (miss) -x (fix) -ch (catch) -sh (wash) add -es   She misseshim. Mike fixesold cars. He catchesthe train. She washesher hair every day.
do and go add -es He doesall the shopping.
all other verbs add -s My sister speaksFrench.

D How often?

Adverbs

Never sometimes often usually / generally always

 

 

a With most verbs, we put the adverb before the main verb.

We never go out at lunchtime.

b With the verb be, we put the adverb after the verb.

He's always late for class.

Other phrases

every a day/ week/ month

once

twice

X times

 

a We usually put these phrases at the end of the sentence.

We go swimming every week

Nadia visits her aunt twice a week

b But we can also put them at the beginning of the sentence.

Every day I go for a walk in the park.

Once a month we go out for a really nice meal.

Module 2

A Past simple

Regular Past simple forms end in -ed in the positive form.

Positive form   Negative form   Question form  
I/you/he/she/it/ we / they started   I/you/he/she/it/ we / they didn't (= did not) start   Did I/ you / he / she / it/we/they start?  
I/you/he/she/it/ we / they won   I/you/he/she/it/ we / they didn't (= did not) win   DidI / you I he / she I it / we / they win?  

 

1 We use the Past simple to talk about a finished action or state in the past. It can be something that happened once or many times. We often say when it happened.

He died in 1980. (=once)

My father always took me to school when I was young. (= many times)

We lived in a very small house in those days. (= state)

2 For regular verbs, we add -ed (watched, started). But there are some exceptions.

 

Verb   Rule   Example  
ends in -e (like)   add-d   I liked the film.  
has one syllable and ends in vowel + one consonant (stop)   double the final consonant   They stopped for lunch.  
ends in consonant + -y (carry)   change -y to -ied   He carried the bags all the way home.  
has two syllables and ends in one vowel + -I (travel)   double the final consonant   They travelled at night.    

 

3 The past of be is was / were.

Positive form Negative form Question form
I / he / she / it was late I / he / she / it wasn't (= was not) late Wasl/he/she/it late?
we / you / they werelate we / you / they weren't(= were not) late Werewe / you / they late late?

B T i m e phrases often used in the past: at, on, in, ago

1 at, on, in

We can use these time phrases in the present and future.

a at + time at 12 .1 5 at eight o'clock

two/three days at Easter at Christmas

b on + day/date on Monday on July 2 пd

c in + month in June in December

season in winter in spring

year/decade/century in 1988 in the 1990s

in the twenty-first century

d We do not use a preposition with last and yesterday.

We went there last year / yesterday

Ago

Ago means before now. We use it to show how far in the past something happened.

I first met Jackie two years ago.

We do not use ago after specific time periods with the.

 

Module 3

A should, shouldn't

Positive form Negative form Question form
I / you / he / she / we / they shouldbuy a dictionary I/you/he/she/we/they shouldn’t (=should not)worry ShouldI/you/he/she/we/ they come in now?

 

1 We use should to say that something is a good idea or the right thing to do. We use shouldn't to say that something is not a good idea or not the right thing to do.

You should buy a new alarm clock

You shouldn't leave your bag open on the bus.

2 Should is not as strong as have to.

We have to go now or we'll be late. (= it is necessary to go)

We should go now or we'll be tired tomorrow. (= this is a good idea)

 

3 The forms below are often used for giving advice.

Why don't you look for a flat in the centre of town?

Try putting an advertisement in the local newspaper.

B can, can't, have to, don't have to

1can, can't

Positive form Negative form Question form
I / you / he / she / we / they can speak English I/you/he/she/we/ they can't(= cannot) speak English Can I/you/he/ she / we / they speak English?

We use can and can't to talk about different kinds of possibility.

a ability

Sue can dance quite well but she can't sing

b permission

You can't come in! Can we go home now?

2 have to, don't have to

Positive form Negative form Question form
I / you / we / they have togo now I / you / we / they don't have togo now Do Iyou/we/they have togo now?
he/she/it has togo now he/she/it doesn't have togo now Doeshe /she /it have togo now?

a We use have to if something is necessary.

We have to be at the airport by six o'clock.

b Have to is very similar to must.

We must go now. (= it's necessary)

We have to go now. (= it's necessary)

с We use don't have to if it is not necessary to do something.

We don't have to wear a uniform at my new school.

(= it isn't necessary!)

REMEMBER! Have to and must are similar, but don't have to is not the same as mustn't. You mustn'ttake any photographs. (= you can't, it's prohibited) You don't have totake any photographs. (= it's not necessary)

Module 4


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Читайте в этой же книге: Language focus 1 | Compare your answers with another student. | Birthday Traditions around the World | Today is a national holiday, so everybody at Glitz has the day off. Read about how Imogen is spending her day. | Read the text and match the headings to the correct paragraphs. | B Find the opposites to the words in the box below in the | Work in pairs, Student A and Student B. | Language focus 1 | Read the extracts and check the meaning of the words and phrases in bold in your dictionary | A Have a conversation similar to those on the recording. |
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