The morpheme and the word as the basic units of linguistic Morphology

Seminar 3

THE MORPHEME AND THE WORD AS THE BASIC UNITS OF LINGUISTIC MORPHOLOGY

1. Morphology as a branch of Grammar.

2. The morpheme as the basic unit of Morphology (traditional and allo-emic morphemic classifications, morph – morpheme, morphemic distributions, rules of morphemic identification).

3. The word as an object of Morphology (morpheme – one-morpheme words of incomplete nominative values – word-forms – lexemes, grammatical meaning, grammatical category/paradigm/opposition, oppositional reduction, synthetic and analytical grammatical forms).

PROBLEMS

1. Do the morphemic analysis of the words on the lines of the traditional and distributional classifications:

MODEL: firmly

On the lines of the traditional classification the word “firmly” is treated as a two-morpheme word consisting of the root “firm-“ and the lexical suffix “-ly”.

On the lines of distributional analysis the root “firm-“ is a free morpheme. The lexical suffix “-ly“ is a bound, overt, additive, continuous morpheme.

1) oxen’s bells; 2) overacted; 3) teeth; 4) insights; 5) wrathful; 6) consume; 7) trout (pl); 8) gooseberry; 9) conceive – receive – deceive; 10) houseproud; 11) finally; 12) wrapper; 13) blunder; 14) (the) girls’ (books).

2. State the type of morphemic distribution according to which the given words are grouped.

MODEL: insensible – incapable

The morphs “-ible” and “-able” are in complementary distribution as they have the same meaning but are different in their form, which is explained by their different environments.

1) listed – fixed – fizzed; 2) unexperienced – inexperienced; 3) improbable – ineffective – irresolute – illegitimate;

4) laughing – laughable – laughed – laughs.

3. Group the words according to a particular type of morphemic distribution:

a) learning – learns – learned – learnt; b) blessed – blesses – blessing – blest – bless.

4. Determine the type of the oppositions below.

MODEL: play – played

The word forms “play – played” make up a binary privative opposition. The strong member is “played”; its differential feature is the denotation of the past action. The marker of this categorial meaning is the grammatical suffix “-ed”.

1) n-b; s-m; i: - i – e – ae; t-d; 2) she-they; I-we; she-it; 3) tiresome – less tiresome – least tiresome; 4) (he) receives – (he) is received; 5) children – children’s (toys).

5. Which of the morphemes in bold type are derivational and which are inflexions?

to exempl ify; (sb) point ed at the girl s stand ing over there; (sb) exemplifi ed the state ment; (sb) like s gett ing up early; joy s of child hood; (sb) speak s English fluent ly.

6. Say whether the given forms are synthetic or analytical:

1) pictured 2) is working; 3) have decided; 4) men; 5) us; 6) were shown; 7) were showing; 8) wishes; 9) unlike; 10) geese; 11) was; 12) gave.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-05