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we should be; you (be written; be writing)



#

Mood

Form

Usage

Note

1.

Subjunctive I;

Suppositional mood

I

he/she/it

we be; write

(be writing)

you

they

 

Non-perfect

I

he/she/it

we should be; you (be written; be writing)

they

Perfect

I

he/she/it

we should have written

you (have been wri tten)

they

 

- represent the action as problematic, but not contradicting to reality. These moods represent the ac­tion as desirable or undesirable, suggested, advised, etc. They are used to express necessity, suggestion, advice, supposition, etc.

 

1. The subject clauses. The suppositional mood and subjunctive I are used in subject clauses after the principal clauses denoting subjective appraisal of the action or situation described in the subordinate clause. The subject of such principal clauses is usually expressed by the pronoun it, the predicate is compound nominal and includes adjectives and nouns with modal meaning (necessary, imperative, etc.) or adjectives and nouns giving estimation of the action or situation described in the subordinate clause (strange, annoying etc.).

 

2. The object, predicative and attributive clauses. The suppositional mood and subjunctive I are used in object, predicative and attributive clauses after verbs and nouns denoting suggestion, demand, recommendation and order (to demand, to insist, to suggest, to order; suggestion, recommendation, request, etc.).

3. The object, predicative and appositive clauses after the expressions of fear. The suppositional mood and subjunctive I are used in object, predicative and appositive clauses after the expressions of fear (to fear, to worry, to be anxious; fear, worry, for fear, etc.) with the conjunctions lest, in case, that.

4.The adverbial clauses of purpose. The suppositional mood and subjunctive I are used in adverbial clauses of purpose after the conjunctions lest, in case, in order that, so that.

 

 

It is mostly used in the language of official documents, high prose and the American variant of English.

 

2.

Conditional Mood

Non-perfect:

I\we should come

he\she\it

you would come

they

Perfect:

I\we should have come

he\she\it

you would have come

they

- denotes an unreal action the unreality of which is due to the absence of necessary conditions.

1. Sentences and clauses of implied condition:

a) after the combination but for and the conjunctive adverb otherwise.

 

b) when the condition implied by the context.

 

2. The complex sentences. It is used in the principal clause of sentences with adverbial clauses of unreal condition and concession.

 

But for his help they would not have finished the work in time.

 

 

I wouldn’t believe him.

 

Even if he had helped them they would not have finished the work in time.

 

 

 

#

Mood

Form

Usage

Note

3.

Subjunctive II

Non-perfect:

I/we

you were/went

he/they

 

Perfect:

I/we

you had been

he/they

Subjunctive II represents the action as unreal, as contrary to reality.

1. It is used independently of other clauses to express:

a) advice (after had better);

b) preference (after would rather/sooner);

c) wish (after if only).

2. In the object clause after the verb to wish to express an unreal desired action.

3. In predicative clauses after the link verbs of being and seeming, the conjunctions as if and as though are used to connect the principal and the predicative clause.

4. In the adverbial clauses:

a) of comparison after the conjunctions as if, as though;

b) of purpose after the conjunctions so that, in order that, in case, lest;

c) of condition, esp. of unreal condition after the conjunctions if, on condition, in case. In such sentences the verb predicate of the principal clause has the form of the conditional mood.

 

 

The non-perfect form of Subj. II is used to express simultaneous actions referring to the present or actions referring to the future.

 

The perfect form of Subj. II is used to express priority.

 


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