Прочитайте и переведите текст. Hypertension.

Прочитайте и переведите текст. Hypertension.

Hypertension means high blood pressure. It has become more common with increasing age and affects men about twice as often as women. Hypertension is elevation of systolic and/or diastolic pressure, either primary or secondary.

Primary (essential) hypertension is not linked to a single etiology. Causes of the disease are the following: heredity, kidney disease, the removal of a kidney, excessive narrowing of the arteries, hormone imbalance or excessive salt in the diet. In about 90 per cent of the known cases hypertension has been described as essential hypertension. Secondary hypertension is associated with bilateral renal disease.

The blood pressure at the moment of contraction is systolic pressure; it normally displaces about 120 mm of mercury. The blood pressure at the moment of relaxation of the heart is diastolic pressure; it normally displaces about 80 mm of mercury. Blood pressure readings are presented as a ratio of the first figure over the second. Most physiologists have considered a blood pressure reading of 150/90 as excessive.

Symptoms of hypertension include dizziness, headache, flushed face, fatigue, epistaxis and nervousness.

The high pressure in arteries causes a hardening (sclerosis) of blood vessels all over the body. The vessels become weakened; clots tend to form in them much more easily; some vessels rupture and haemorrhage.

Treatment of hypertension is complex. It consists of antihypertensive drug therapy, sedation, extra rest, prolonged vacation and special diet with limited amount of salt and fluid.

Complications may be the following: cerebral vascular insufficiency, atherosclerosis, renal failure.

Patients with uncomplicated hypertension should live normal lives as long as their blood pressure is controlled with medication. Prudent exercises should be encouraged and cigarette smoking discouraged to reduce the risk of atherosclerotic heart disease.

Послетекстовые упражнения:

I. Прочитайте предложения. Выразите согласие или аргументированное
несогласие с данными высказываниями:

- Prudent exercises should not be encouraged to reduce the risk of atherosclerotic heart disease.

- Patients with uncomplicated hypertension should live normal lives as long as their blood pressure is controlled with medication.

- Most physiologists have considered a blood pressure reading of 100/70 as excessive.

- Secondary hypertension is associated with bilateral lung disease.

- The blood pressure at the moment of relaxation is systolic pressure.

II. Перескажите текст "Hypertension".

HYPERTENSION

Предтекстовые упражнения:

I. Прочитайте следующие интернациональные слова и назовите их русские
эквиваленты:

Systolic, diastolic, etiology, neurogenic, per cent, moment, normally, factor, physiologist, sclerosis, form, control, cigarette, risk, atherosclerotic.

II. Переведите словосочетания с интернациональными словами:

Risk of atherosclerotic heart disease, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, single etiology, cigarette smoking, neurogenic factor, 90 per cent, most physiologists, clots tend to form, normally displaces, live normal life.

III. Запомните следующие слова и переведите словосочетания, данные к ним:

1. Systolic [sis'blik] - систолическое; systolic pressure;

2. diastolic [daias'tolik] - диастолическое; diastolic pressure;

3. etiology [ kti'olocfy] - этиология; single etiology;

4. neurogenic [njuigro'd^enik] - нейрогенный; neurogenic factor;

5. mercury ['msikjuri] - ртуть; 120 mm of mercury;

6. ratio ['reifioul - степень, коэффициент, соотношение; ratio of the figures,

7. haemorrhage ['hemsrid^j - кровоточить; vessels haemorrhage.

8. atherosclerotic [oaeGarooskle'routik] - атеросклерозный.

9. rupture [тлрф] - разрыв; прорываться.

IV. Соедините слова из списков а) и б) в пары антонимов:

a) 1. hypertension 2. primary 3. relaxation 4. weaken 5. elevation.

b) 1.strengthen 2. decrease 3. secondary 4. hypotension 5. contraction

V. Найдите в каждом ряду слов с одинаковым корнем то слово, перевод
которого дан в начале ряда:

гипертония hypotension, hypertension, hypertonic

первичный primary, prime, primer

соотношение rate, ration, ratio

показание reading, read, readout

сгусток clottage, clotting, clot

VI. Назовите английские эквиваленты следующих русских словосочетаний:

распространенная болезнь, наследственность, чрезмерное сужение артерий, двусторонняя болезнь почек, в момент сокращения, избыточное давление! утомление, формирование сгустков, разрыв сосудов, ограниченное количество соли, инсульт, неосложненная гипертония.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-04