Acute catarrhal otitis media (ACOM) is an acute infection of the eustachian tube and middle ear cavity. The progress of the disease is much slower than in acute suppurativeotitis media. Etiology.

Acute catarrhal otitis media (ACOM) is an acute infection of the eustachian tube and middle ear cavity. The progress of the disease is much slower than in acute suppurative otitis media. Etiology. There are special bacteria which cause catarrhal inflammation in the middle ear; the more common ones are the staphylococcus, the Diplococcus pneumoniae, and the Streptococcus hemolytic viridans. These and other microorganisms may be present in the tympanic cavity without exciting inflammation. After the first wave of inflammation has subsided, the invasion of the same or another type of microorganisms may cause a recurrent inflammation. The various infection fevers, as scarlet fever, measles, diphtheria, etc., are often accompanied by ACOM. The conventional predisposing factors of the condition are the enlarged or infect ed tonsilsand adenoids, and nasal obstruction of whatever cause. Signs and Symptoms. ACOM is characterized by redness and inflammation of the middle ear cavity and tympanic membrane, but usually without bulging of the ear drum. The onset of ACOM is signalized by a slight chill, which is frequently followed by a mildly elevated temperature. Pain develops early. It is characterized as a dull, boring, aching sensation, or it may be of a more acute type. At the early stage the tympanic membrane is congested and somewhat thickened. The handle of the malleus may be partly obscured. If the middle ear is filled with exudate, the drumhead is pushed forward. Bone conduction is increased on the affected side. The lower tone limit is decreased, while the upper tone limit is not affected as a rule. Examination Techniques. Conventionally physical examination includes the use of otoscope and a special ear tube with a reflecting mirror. Blood test may also be helpful in diagnosing of the condition. Smears for microscopic study are considered to be the most available and correct way to diagnose ACOM. Treatment. The course of the condition is not prolonged. Within a few days or a week or so the patholodgic signs usually disappear. In a few cases the condition becomes chronic. As it is a bacterial infection, the antibiotic therapy is administered at once. Physiotherapy at a certain stage may be recommended. Some home remedies may be applied to relieve inflammation and ear pain: 3 – 5 drops of 3% hydrogen peroxide aid for infection, inflammation and pain. The patient may also use the curing power of echinacea tincture. Warm application increases circulation in the ear and helps to decrease the pressure in the drum cavity. Complications. chronic forms of ACOM may result in gradual hearing loss and even dullness.

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