Subdivide the following words of native origin into: 1) words of Indo-European origin; 2) words of Common Germanic origin; 3) English words proper. Consult Concise Oxford Dictionary of English

1. Woman, blast ('gust of wind or air'), sister, glove, lady, tooth, always, slow, green, know, daisy, sand, long, grass, flood, boy, seven, high, eat, sheriff, widow, answer, life, lip, call, swine, small, bird, corn, silver, ten, day, lord, ship, we, bench, sun, girl.
2. 1) father (n) < OE fæder 'a male parent of a child or animal'; 2) sing (v) < OE singan 'utter with musical inflexions of the voice'; 3) lord (n) < OE hlaford 'bread-keeper'; 4) high (adj) < OE hēah 'of great vertical extent'; 5) make (v) < OE macian 'bring into existence, subject to an operation'; 6) book (n) < OE bōc 'beech' (on which runes were carved); 7) silly (adj) < OE sǣlig 'deserving of pity or sympathy'; 8) stand (v) < OE standan 'assume or maintain an erect position on the feet; be upright'; 9) old (adj) < OE eald (ald) 'grown-ip, adult'; 10) head (n) < OE hēafod 'anterior (in amn upper) part of the body, containing the mouth, sense organs, and brain'.
3. Lord, hat, red, grass, to feed, quick, stone, to feel, heavy, to look.
4. 1. I'm sure I can finish the article - I just need to get my head down this afternoon. (head) 2. I'm afraid Lisa's family do not stand a chance. I doubt if their advisers will let them take it to court. (stand) 3. You know Jack. He can't help chatting up any pretty girl he meets. It doesn't mean a thing, but if you don't like it why not show him it's a game that two can play. (two) 4. The small fry are soon going to be pushed out of business by all these multinationals. (small) 5. The organization that looked so solid and dependable turned out to be a house of cards. (house) 6. It really knocked me for six when my ex-boyfriend announced he was getting married. (six) 7. Malcolm, who is quiet but determined young rider, has now made his mark on the international show jumping front. (made) 8. I swept the floor and polished the table, and then, for good measure, I cleaned the windows. (good) 9. He was very much the blue-eyed boy in the office. (boy) 10. She criticized the members of the committee for debate for sitting on the fence and failing to make a useful contribution to the debate. (sitting) 11. The legal difference between negligence and recklessness is a bit of a grey area. (grey) 12. If the insurance company won't pay for the damage, I'll be up a tree. (tree)
5. 1) obelisk < L obliscus < Gr obeliskos; 2) please (v) < ME plaise, plese < OF plaisir < L placēre; 3) easy < ME < aisie; 4) character < ME caracter < OF caractere < L character < Gr kharakter; 5) poor < ME povere, pore < OF povre < L pauper; 6) averse < L aversus; 7) climate < (O)F climat or L clima, climat < Gr mania; 8) mania < ME < L mania < Gr mania; 9) hurricane < Sp hurrican; 10) risk < F risque < It risco; 11) fate < It fato < L fatum; 12) dame < (O)F damner < L damnare; 13) obese < L obesus; 14) tender < OF tender < L tener; 15) gnosis < Gr gnosis; 16) alarm < ME < OF alarme < It allarme.
6. cup... criterion... wall...
   to cast... armada... eponym...
   anemia... Exe... Kilbride...
   samovar... cosmonaut... guerilla...
   Avon... anger... poodle...
   kindergarten... motto... lieutenant...
   banana... power... tornado...
   law... candle... the Downs...
   government... mosquito... kvass...
   violin... waltz... bandit...
   halt... hormone... interior...
   fellow... plant... restaurant...
   London... verst... tundra...
   promenade... to take... gondola...
   umbrella... nickel... anamnesis...
7. Identify the period of borrowing of the French, Greek, russian and German words given in task 6.
   MODEL: muzhik, stroll
   The word muzhik was borrowed from Russian in the 17th century. The word troll was borrowed from German in the 17th century.
8. 1. the moment of truth a) infra dignitatem
   2. word-combination b) Wunderkind
   3. below one's dignity c) попутчик
   4. first dancer d) el momento de la verdad
   5. that goes without saying e) circulus vitiosus
   6. fellow-traveller f) колхоз
   7. wonder child g) словосочетание
   8. vicious circle h) sub judice
   9. famous case i) cela va sans dire
   10. collective farm j) cause celebre
   11. under consideration k) prima-ballerina
9. 1. He gave a false address to the police. 2. I've seen many good films lately. 3. Do you take sugar in your coffee? 4. Do you play tennis? 5. Arrange the words in alphabetical order. 6. Charlotte Bronte wrote under the pseudonym of Currer Bell. 7. He worked in radio for nearly 40 years. 8. Many people feel that their interests are not represented by mainstream politics. 9. We've visited the open-air theatre in London's Regents Park. 10. I'm worried about my son's lack of progress in English. 11. The government has promised to introduce reforms of the tax system. 12. He went on to study medicine at Edinburgh University.
10. Paragraph, baton, order, to reclaim, delicate, intelligent, revision, artist, sympathetic, capital, fabric, ambitious, concourse, romance, to pretend, command.
11. Torchere, wall, maharani, a la mode, datum, perestroika, gate, tet-a-tet, want, chalet, ad hoc, sheikh, parlando, nucleus, parquet, matter, bagel, a la carte, kattle, chauffeur, formula, pari-mutuel, shaman, finish, corps, alcazar, commedia dell'arte, money, souvenir, bacillus, pas de deux, ill, spahi, statum, nota bene, spaghetti, manage a trios, odd, memoir, parenthesis, hibakusha, padrona, incognito, thesis, coup de maitre, tzatziki, sabotage, ad libitum, stimulus, Soyuz, alameda, street, boulevard, criterion, deja vu, torero, yin, Ubermensch, macaroni, tzigane, sensu lato, hypothesis, bagh, pousada, shiatsu, shapka.

	Task 1.	Subdivide the following words of native origin into: 1) words of Indo-European origin; 2) words of Common Germanic origin; 3) English words proper. Consult Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology.
	Task 2.	Analyze the original meanings of the given native words of the English language. State: a) the lexical and grammatical valency of these words; 2) the semantic development of these words. MODEL: foot (n) < OE fot - 'part of the leg beyond the ankle' a) the lexical as well as grammatical valency of the word foot (feet pl.) is very high. The word can be used in different sentence patterns in various meanings, e.g.: He stepped on a nail, and his foot is very sore. Mary sled her feet into her sandals. She paused at the foot of the stairs. There was an error message at the foot of the page. A young officer at the foot of the table objected to the plan; 2) the word foot (feet pl.) has extended its semantic structure by acquiring new meanings and is now a pokysemantic word: 'the part of the sock or stocking that covers the foot'; 'particular manner of walking; step'; 'the bottom part or lower end'; 'as device on a sewing machine for holding the material steady as it is sewn', 'a unit or leaner measure equal to 12 inches', 'a division of a line in poetry, in which there is usually a strong beat and one or two weaker ones'.
	Task 3.	Give derivatives of the following words of native origin. In case of difficulty consult a dictionary. MODEL: heat The word heat has the following derivatives: to heat, heater, heated, heatedly, heating, heatstroke, heatproof, heat-lightning.
	Task 4.	Write out phraseological units formed with the help of the italicized words which are of native origin. State what these phraseological units denote. Translate the sentences into Russian. Model: I am completely at one with Michael on this issue. The phraseological unit at one with smb. denotes 'in agreement or harmony'. Я полностью согласен с Майклом в этом вопросе.
	Task 5.	State whether the given words were borrowed into the English language directly or indirectly, i.e. through another language. Define the source and origin of the given borrowed words. MODEL: sphinx < ME < L < Gr Sphigx The word sphinx was borrowed into the English language indirectly, i.e. through another language. The source of the borrowing is Latin, whereas the origin of the borowing is Greek.
	Task 6.	Write down in the space provided a letter, which indicates the language from which the given words were borrowed. In case of difficulty consult the Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. a - Celtic c - Scandinavian e - Greek g - Spanish i - German b - Latin d - French f - Russian h - Italian MODEL: muzhik... f tobacco... g stroll... i
	Task 7.	Identify the period of borrowing of the French, Greek, russian and German words given in task 6. MODEL: muzhik, stroll The word muzhik was borrowed from Russian in the 17th century. The word troll was borrowed from German in the 17th century.
	Task 8.	Match the translation borrowings on the left with the original phrases/words on the right. State the origin of the latter. Model: 11 - h (Latin)
	Task 9.	Write out international words from the given sentences. MODEL: This music is by Beethoven. The word music is an international word.
	Task 10.	Give the false cognates ('false friends') in the Russian language to the given English words. State the difference in their meanins. MODEL: argument The false cognate of the word argument is the Russian word аргумент. The word argument means 'an angree disagreement between people', whereas the word аргумент has the meaning 'reasoning'.
	Task 11.	State the etymology of the given words. Write them out in three columns: a) completely assimilated borrowings; b) partially assimilated borrowings; c) unasiimilated borrowings or barbarisms.

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