The presentation of the topic:

The presentation of the topic:

Motivation. A. Maslow’s theory of motivation. The hierarchy of needs: physiological needs, security needs, social needs, self-actualization needs

Let me introduce myself. My name is …

The topic of my presentation today is “Motivation. A. Maslow’s theory of motivation. The hierarchy of needs: physiological needs, security needs, social needs, self-actualization needs”.

The main points of this presentation are as follows: Definitions of key-words of the topic: motivation, hierarchy, Maslow's hierarchy of needs

§ Abraham Maslow’s theory: hierarchy of needs

I would like to begin with the definitions of key-words of the topic suggested by Longman Business English Dictionary.

motivation 1) eagerness and willingness to do something without needing to be told or forced to do it; 2) the reason why you want to do something.

hierarchy 1) an organization or structure in which the staff are organized in levels and the people at one level have authority over those below them; 2) a structure in which files, information etc are organized in levels, each one being reached from the previous one.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a THEORY (=set of ideas) about MOTIVATION developed by Abraham Maslow, which has been used to explain the reasons why people decide to buy things or continue to work for an organization. Maslow identified five levels of human need: PHYSIOLOGICAL - the need to eat, sleep etc; SAFETY AND SECURITY - the need to feel safe, have a job etc; BELONGING - the need to belong to a group, have friends and feel loved; SELF-ESTEEM - the need to be successful in a particular job or activity and be respected by other people; SELF-ACTUALIZATION - the need to have new ideas and use your imagination to produce new things. The theory states that needs on one level must be satisfied before the next level can be reached, and only unsatisfied needs influence human behaviour

The work of managers is to ensure that staff work efficiently in an organisation. To achieve this, it is clear that managers must know what motivates people. By understanding the factors influencing motivation, they can create the conditions in which employees will perform to their maximum potential.

One of the best known theories of motivation was put forward by an American psychologist, Abraham Maslow, in a book entitled “Motivation and Personality” (1954). In his theory, he presents a hierarchy of needs. He identified certain basic human needs and classified them in an ascending order of importance. Basic needs were at the bottom of the hierarchy, higher needs at the top. His classification is shown on the screen.

1. Physiological needs. These were things required to sustain life like food, water, air, sleep etc. Until these needs are satisfied, Maslow believed, other needs will not motivate people.

2. Security needs. They are the needs to be free from danger, physical pain and loss of a job. They include the need for clothing and shelter.

3. Social needs. A human being needs to belong to a group, to be liked and loved, to feel accepted by others and to develop affiliations.

4. Esteem needs. After people have satisfied their social needs, they want to have self-respect and to be esteemed by others. They have a need for power, status, respect and self-confidence.

5. Self-actualisation needs. These are the highest needs, according to Maslow. They are the desire to develop, to maximise potential and to achieve one's goals.

Maslow said that people satisfied their needs in a systematic way. When a need had been met, it stopped being a motivating factor. For example, if a person was starving, he would not be too concerned about security and social needs, But once he had enough food, he would start thinking about those other needs.

Research into Maslow's theory has not been very conclusive. Studies have tended to show that needs vary greatly among individuals. At the higher levels in a company, self-actualising needs may be very strong whereas at lower levels, social and security needs may be dominant.

To conclude my presentation, I would like to say that by this theory Maslow has become a very inspirational figure in personality theories: he was one of the pioneers in the movement to bring the human being back into psychology. His ideas are widely used in modern management.

Thank you for attention!

Дата добавления: 2015-11-04