Work with English through Global and World Geography

AGRICULTURE

Work with English through Global and World Geography

AGRICULTURAL LAND USE

1. Give the Russian equivalents of:

1) to grow crops

2) to rear animals

3) manufacturing industry

4) outside the control

5) to exert an influence upon

6) at the global scale

7) to support farming activities

8) to apply scientific knowledge

9) reclaimed from the sea

10) to make a profit

11) to trade for other products

12) self-sufficient farming

13) poor soils

14) cropping

15) to lose fertility

16) worthwhile

17) plot

18) sustainable farming

19) commercial farming

20) mixed farming

21) to raise for income

22) vulnerable

23) specialized farming

2. Find the English equivalents of:

1) вид экономической деятельности

2) сельскохозяйственная культура

3) сильно зависеть от

4) давать рабочие места

5) взаимосвязанный

6) неподходящий для сельского хозяйства

7) минимальные требования

8) средняя температура

9) период вегетации; посевной период

10) возделывание земли

11) пшеница

12) выращивать сельхоз. культуры и скот

13) потребление

14) натуральное сельское хозяйство

15) сменная культивация

16) урожай

17) восстанавливаться

18) сменять культуры в севообороте (2)

19) товарная культура

20) хлопок

21) домашняя птица

22) резина; каучук

23) сахарный тростник

3. Give definition of the following terms:

1) agriculture

2) cropping

3) crop rotation

4) self-sufficient farming

5) subsistent agriculture

6) sustainable farming

7) commercial farming

8) mixed farming

9) to alternate crops

10) livestock

11) poultry

12) specialized farming

4. Use the clues to make questions to the text:

1) What / agriculture?

2) Why / important?

3) What / agriculture / influenced by?

4) How / scientific knowledge / help overcome / physical problems?

5) What types / farming / there?

6) What / features / each type?

Now answer the questions.

5. Summarize the content of the text in 9-10 sentences.

DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE

1. Give the Russian equivalents of:

1) to live by hunting and gathering

2) to use up

3) food supply

4) nomadic life

5) livestock rearers

6) crop-growers

7) remote and difficult environments

8) to survive poor weather conditions

9) growing season

10) green revolution

11) to grow at a faster rate

12) to benefit sb

13) cereal

14) drawback

15) rain-fed agriculture

16) to outgrow the food supply

17) to expand the use of crops

18) oyster

19) shellfish

20) shallow coastal waters

21) to harvest

22) to resist frost

23) to repel insects

24) agribusiness

25) to run separately

26) enterprise

27) to buy in bulk

2. Find the English equivalents of:

1) собирать дикие растения

2) съедобный

3) одомашнить

4) дополнительная культура

5) семена

6) нехватка продовольствия

7) злак; зерновые культуры

8) неплодородный, бесплодный

9) соя

10) источник белка

11) рыбная ферма, рыбоводное хозяйство

12) разводить рыбу

13) искусственный пруд

14) генная инженерия

15) предприятие

16) уменьшить стоимость

3. Give definition of the following terms: edible, nomadic lifestyle, green revolution, aquaculture, agribusiness.

4. Answer the questions after the text.

AGRICULTURAL CHANGE

1. Give the Russian equivalents of:

1) urgent need

2) high-tech solution

3) low-tech approach

4) to reduce food production

5) arable land

6) grassland

2. Find the English equivalents of:

1) накормить растущее население

2) причинять большой вред

3) перепроизводство

4) производительность

5) молочное сельское хозяйство

6) земледелец

7) органическое земледелие

1. Give definition of the following terms: arable land, organic farming.

4. Write out all the method and schemes that are being introduced in order to reduce farming. Rate them from the most effective, from your viewpoint, to the least effective. Compare your ratings in groups. Do you all agree? Why (not)?

5. Are these statements true or false? Correct the false ones.

1) Population has a great influence on agricultural development.

2) Low-tech solutions are better for the environment than high-tech ones.

3) In the developed countries the governments decide what agricultural changes should be.

4) The EU has tried to help the environment by reducing the amount of farming.

5) The EU schemes to reduce farming have generally failed.

6) Farmers are encouraged to use chemical fertilizers and cultivate more land.

7) Organic farming gives a bigger output.

8) Organic farming produces more attractive and healthier crops.

6. Grammar. Revise the Passive Voice:

to be + V₃

Present Simple	Past Simple	Future Simple	Present Perfect	Present Continuous	Past Continuous
am is + V3 are	was were +V3	will be + V3	have has + V3	am is + being+ V3 are	was were+being+V3

Read the text again and find examples of Passive Voice in it. Turn the sentences into Active Voice where possible. Make any necessary changes.

7. Translate these statements from the texts paying attention to the words and phrases in bold.

1) Agriculture produces a wide range of products for manufacturing industries as well as food.

2) At the global scale the distribution of agriculture is most influenced by climate.

3) Large parts of the planet are unsuitable for farming because they are either too cold or too dry.

4) The world’s hot deserts are too dry for cultivation unless water is available for irrigation.

5) As well as severe climates, high mountains also have steep slopes and thin soils.

6) In the more developed countries of the world economic and human factors tend to play a particularly important role.

7) In Canada and the USA scientific plant breeding has made it possible to extend the cultivation of wheat into areas which were previously thought to have been too dry or too cold.

8) Gathering meant people gathered wild plants they found to be safe to eat.

9) Some people are more hopeful pointing to scientific research currently under way to find ways of growing more food.

10) Being part of a large business enterprise can reduce costs.

11) Buying fertilizers in bulk is cheaper.

12) Whatever the approach, the pressure to produce more food has often caused serious damage to the environment.

13) In the economically developed world, recent agricultural change has most often been due to government policies.

14) Gradually price support is being replaced by fixed payments for each hectare cultivated.

15) This should make it less attractive for farmers to get more from each hectare cultivated.

8. Translate the following words and phrases into Russian. Then translate the sentences with them.

English	Russian
1. as well as
2. either … or
3. unless
4. tend to
5. to be under way
6. whatever
7. to be due to
8. should

1) The solar system consists of the sun and nine known planets, as well as other celestial bodies that orbit the sun.

2) Erosion in its many forms reshapes landforms and coastal regions, as well as riverbeds and riverbanks.

3) Tropical wet climates are found in Central and South America as well as Africa and Southwest Asia.

4) Latin America is a treasure house of natural resources. These include mineral resources, such as gold and silver, as well as energy resources, such as oil and natural gas.

5) Distance from the sea affects the amount of precipitation the region gets, as well as its temperatures.

6) The retreating waters of the Aral exposed fertilizers and pesticides, as well as salt.

7) Pipelines transport the crude oil either to refineries or to ports where the oil is picked up by tankers and moved to other places for processing.

8) The motion of the ocean helps distribute heat on the planet. Winds blow over the ocean and are either heated or cooled by the water.

9) Unless drastic action is taken, the Aral Sea could vanish within 20 to 30 years.

10) Unless that growth slows down, in 2045, India will be home to more than 1.5 billion people – all living in a land about one-third the size of the United States.

11) Like most of Europe, the region has suffered much deforestation, but the forests that do survive tend to be coniferous.

12) Differences in temperature between night and day actually tend to be greater than any difference between seasons.

13) Plans are now under way to restore the Everglades to its natural habitat.

14) They didn’t farm or herd animals but lived by hunting and gathering whatever was available for food.

15) Whatever the type of government, it must deal with issues that have to do with the territory and people of the state.

16) This variety of climate and vegetation is due to several factors.

17) In recent years, however, the United Kingdom, particularly its capital London, has grown more diverse. That is partially due to immigration from former colonies, such as India.

18) A cartographer decides what type of map to create by considering how the map will be used. Keeping that purpose in mind, he or she then determines how much detail to show and what size the map should be.

19) Some people think that since economic gain is at the heart of rain forest destruction, the affected governments should be paid to preserve the forests.

20) Even in nations belonging to the European Union, people have mixed feelings about the EU policy that they should adopt a common currency called the euro.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-04