Kazakh-American-University

Kazakh-American-University

Hand-outs

History of Kazakhstan I year students

Lecture 25 All departments

Instructor: 2007-2008 academic year

Taichikova K.T. Fall trimester

December events (1986)

The objective of the lecture: To show reasons, character and consequences of December events.

Outline of the lecture:

1. Reasons of December events.

2. Stages of December events.

3. Consequences of December events.

1. Reasons of December events.

1. Contradictions in planning and placing of productive forces.
2. Interests of Republic didn’t take into consideration in forming plans, exploitation of deposits.
3. Republic gained minimum from billion incomes.
4. Appropriations were sent to extraction industry.
5. 60% of goods imported from other republics and states.
6. Sciences served to official policy, culture lost connections with national roots. In 1954-1986 more than 600 national schools were closed. Kazakh language didn’t function and turned into life language. The group of mankurts appeared.

D.A.Kunayev was a chief of Republic a long time. Administrative system formed cult of chief, not only in Moscow, but in Republics and oblasts. Cult of Kunayev as a member of Politburo and hero of socialist labor three times was formed. Aral perished, sphere of Kazakh language was limited, explosions in Semipalatinsk increased. Corruption, patronage, alcoholism and social apathy prospered.

But fate of Kunayev was solved in Kremlin. On December 16, 1986 V Plenum of CC CPK was held. The agenda had only one point – organizational. Dismissal of Kunayev was solved during 18 minites. G.V.Kolbin (first Secretary of Uljanovsk obkom) was elected instead Kunayev.

In the morning on December mass uprising began in Almaty, which spread in other towns of Republic. Kazakh young people openly launched a courageous challenge against totalitarian regime.

2. I – stage – was preparatory. The night 16-17 December could be characterized as a night of expectation, hope, anxious emotions, in the night they were prepared for meeting face to face with ruling system.

II – stage – from 7 to 18 o’clock 17 December – a stage of going out in the street, a stage of micro, macromeeting, protest demonstrations, manifestations along the town’s streets. A tsge of dialogues of demonstrators with Party and Komsomol workers, rectors and deans of institutes of higher education, workers of power structures, a stage of gathering forces of oppositional sides.

III – stage – a stage of sides opposition, a stage of defense, protection of demonstrators from storm of chastisers, a stage of development into armed revolt. There were service-men, militiamen, druzhinniks.

3. On December 1986 Politburo of CC CPSU took a document, which called “Measures in connection with events in Alma-Ata”. Thus the CC CPSU turned the December phenomenon “into events of the nationalistic sense”. According the estimate of the Commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet general number of the arrested made up about 8500 men.

55324 were underwent to interrogations in the Office of Republic Prosecutor, 850 – KGB. About 900 men were punished in administrative order in accordance with court’s decisions, by militia and administrations of enterprises, organizations, educational institutes. On the LYCLSU (the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League of the Soviet Union) line were punished 1922 men (758 of them were excluded, 1164 received penalties). 53 were excluded from raw of the CPSU, 210 – punished in party order. 319 participants of the events were discharged from work. 99 men were condemned in accordance with sentence, two of them – to capital punishment.

The December movement on its character was national-democratic action of the young generation of the nation. It was a beginning of the while historical stripe, which ended by crush of the Union, and proclaiming of Republic’s sovereignty.

Glossary

Placing размещение

Do take into consideration не учитывать

Exploitation разработка

Chastiser наказывать, бить

Stripe полоса

Prosecutor прокурор

Anxious озабоченность

Дата добавления: 2015-11-04