Obstruction to the air stream

Phonetic terms

Phoneme

Allophone

Sound variant

Sound

Sound cluster

Sound continuum

Vowel

Monophthong

Diphthong

Diphthongoid

Consonant

Voiced

Voiceless

Sonorant

Air stream

Obstruction to the air stream

Noise

Rib muscles

Diaphragm

Lungs

Bronchi

Windpipe

Vocal cords

Cavity (mouth, nasal)

Larynx (laryngeal cavity)

Pharynx (pharyngeal cavity)

Glottis

Glottal stop

Tongue (tip, blade, front, back)

Uvula

Palate (hard, soft)

Teeth (upper, lower)

Lips (neutral, rounded, unrounded)

Alveoli (alveolar ridge = teeth ridge)

Occlusive

Constrictive

Affricate

Rolled

Labial (bilabial, labio-dental)

Lingual (fore-, medio-, back-lingual)

Dental

Interdental

Alveolar

Post-alveolar

Apical

Dorsal

Cacuminal

Palatal

Palatalization

Aspiration

Nasal / oral sounds

Long

Short

Tense vowels

Lax

Intonation

Pitch

Accent

Tempo

Timbre

Rhythm

Intonation group

Syntagm

Pitch range

Intonation contour

Pre-head

Head

Nucleus

Tail

Scale:

Ascending (rising, climbing)

Descending (falling, stepping, sliding, scandent)

Level (low, mid, high)

Stressed

Unstressed syllables

Half-stressed

Nuclear tone

Pause:

Short = psychological = hesitation pauses

Normal pause

Long pause

Front /i:/e/æ/ei/ɛ(ə)/

Front-retracted /i/i(ə)/

Central /ʌ/3:/ ə/ɜ(υ)/ ɛ(υ)/ vowels

Back /ɒ/ɔ:/u:/a:/

Back-advanced / υ/ υ(ə)/

narrow /i:/u:/

Close

broad /i/υ/i(ə)/υ(ə)/

narrow /e/3:/ə/e(i)/ɜ(υ)/

Mid vowels

broad / ə / ʌ /

narrow / ɛ(ə)/ ɔ:/ ɔ(i)/

Open

broad /æ/ a(i) / a(υ) /ɒ/a:/

Dark [l] / clear [l]

Weak (lenis) / Strong (fortis) consonants

Дата добавления: 2015-11-04