Endocrine glands |
Text: Endocrine glands
Grammar: Passive Voice
PRE-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS
Exercise 1. Read and memorize:
Endocrine excretory throughout disturbance hypophysis pituitary thymus Pineal Islet nervous epithelial adrenal fibre nervous corresponding due to thyroid network pineal
| ['endəukrain] [eks'kritəri] [θru(:)'aut] [dis'tə:b(ə)ns] [hai'pɔfisis] [pi'tju(:)it(ə)ri] ['θaiməs] ['piniəl] ['ailit] [əd'ri:nl] [epi'θi:ljəl] ['nə:vəs] ['faibə] [ˈnɜːvəs ] [ˌkɒrɪˈspɒndɪŋ] [djuː tuː ] [ˈθaɪrɔɪd ] [ˈnetwɜːk ] [ˈpaɪnɪəl ] | ендокринний відповідний |
Exercise 2. Form nouns using the suffixes – ance, -ence.
Effective, distant, present, admit, resist, persist, impatient, ignorant, disappear, attend, depend, emerge, prefer, defy, assist.
Exercise 3. Read and translate the word combinations into your native language:
Glands of internal secretion, excretory ducts, special substances,throughout the organism, affect metabolism, neurohumoral control, due to an increase, chemical composition, hormonal preparations,widely used in medicine, high biological activity, each gland consists of,extensive network of blood vessels, nerve fibres, all endocrine glands are interconnected, chief gland, humoral regulation, disturbance in the activity.
Exercise 4. Read and translate the text:
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
Endocrine glands, or glands of internal secretion, are glands without excretory ducts. They produce special substances called hormones, which are secreted directly into the blood. The hormones are carried throughout the organism with the blood and are delivered to various organs whose activity they either stimulate or depress.
Hormones play a very important part in the organism. Many of them affect metabolism and the functioning of the cardiovascular, reproductive, and other systems. A disturbance in the activity of the endocrine glands is accompanied by changes throughout the organism. These changes may be due to an increase in the function of a gland (hyperfunction) or a decrease (hypofunction).
The chemical composition of some hormones is well-known. Various hormonal preparations are made synthetically or from the corresponding glands of animals (endocrine preparations) and are widely used in medicine. It should be noted that hormones are substances with very high biological activity.
The endocrine glands include the hypophysis (or pituitary), the epiphysis cerebri (or pineal), the thyroid, the parathyroids, the thymus, the islet part of the pancreas, the adrenals and the incretory part of the sex glands, Each gland consists of glandular epithelial tissue and has an extensive network of blood vessels and a large number of nerve fibres (from the vegetative nervous system)
The functions of all endocrine glands are interconnected, and the glands make up a single system. The hypophysis is the chief gland of this system: it produces special substances which stimulate the activities of the other endocrine glands.
The influence of various substances (mainly hormone) acting on the organism through the blood is called humoral regulation.
The activities of endocrine glands are regulated by the nervous system. The nervous system exercises direct control over the endocrine glands through the nervous and neurohumoral control, particularly through the hypophysis. The hormones in their turn affect the functions of the different parts of the nervous system.
POST-TEXT ASSIGMENTS
Exercise 5. Answer the questions to the text:
1. What is the other name for endocrine galnds?
2. Where are the hormones secreted?
3. What is the role of hormones?
4. How are the hormones made?
5. What are the parts of the endocrine system?
6. What is humoral regulation?
7. What is the chief gland of the endocrine system?
8. What are the activities of the endocrine glands regulated by?
Exercise 6. Match the terms with their definitions:
1. humoral regulation
2. hypophysis 3. thymus 4. adrenal gland 5. parathyroid
| a) triangle-shaped glands located on top of the kidneys b) A gland that regulates calcium, located behind the thyroid gland in the neck. c) a small, somewhat cherry-shaped double-lobed structure attached to the base of the brain, constituting the master endocrine gland affecting all hormonal functions of the body d) pyramid-shaped lymphoid organ that, in humans, is immediately beneath the breastbone at the level of the heart. e) the coordination of physiological and biochemical processes effected through the body’s fluids by means of biologically active substances (metabolites, hormones) released by cells, organs, and tissues in the course of their vital activities. |
Exercise 7. Translate into English.
Інкреторна частина, хімічний склад, різні органи, залозиста епітеліальна тканина, залози внутрішньої секреції, вивідний проток, особливі речовини, по організму, впливають на обмін речовин, нейрогуморальної контроль, у зв'язку із збільшенням, хімічний склад, гормональні препарати, широко використовуватися в медицині, висока біологічна активність, кожна залоза складається з, велика мережа кровоносних судини, нервові волокна, всі ендокринні залози взаємопов'язані, головні залози, гуморальне регулювання, порушення в діяльності.
Exercise 8. Put the words from the table into an appropriate gap.
Influence; controlling; eight major glands; diabetes; supplements; a hormone disorder; hormones; |
Your endocrine system includes___________ throughout your body. These glands make ________. If your hormone levels are too high or too low, you may have ____________. Hormone diseases also occur if your body does not respond to hormones the way it is supposed to. Stress, infection and changes in your blood's fluid and electrolyte balance can also ____________ hormone levels. In the United States, the most common endocrine disease is __________. There are many others. They are usually treated by _________how much hormone your body makes. Hormone _______ can help if the problem is too little of a hormone.
Exercise 9. Continue the sentences:
A disturbance in the activity of the endocrine glands is accompanied by ….
The endocrine glands include the hypophysis, the epiphysis ….
Various hormonal preparations are made synthetically or ….
The influence of various substances acting on the organism through the blood is called ….
The hormones affect ….
The activities of endocrine glands are regulated by…………….
Exercise 10. Translate the following sentences into English:
1. Гормони переносяться по організму за допомогою крові.
2. Порушення в роботі залоз внутрішньої секреції супроводжується змінами у всьому організмі.
3. Різні гормональні препарати виготовляються синтетично.
4. Функції всіх ендокринних залоз взаємопов'язані.
5. Робота залоз внутрішньої секреції регулюється нервовою системою.
6. Гіпофіз виробляє особливі речовини, які стимулюють діяльність інших ендокринних залоз.
Exercise 11. Repeat the terms of drugs and medical preparations. Choose the right answer.
1. The nurse put a..... on the wound.
a) bandage b) cloth c) material d) towel
2. Take two of these.....three times a day after meals.
a) capsules b) drugs c) placebos d) prescriptions
3. If you've got a headache, why don't you take a.... of aspirin?
a) couple b)tablet c) pair d) prescription
4. The doctor gave me some... for my rheumatism.
a) gargle b) ointment c) pastilles d) pills
5. The doctor gave the woman a strong … to calm her down.
a) aantidote b) antiseptic c) bromide d) sedative
6. The nurse made him swallow a … to help him sleep better.
a) lotion b) pill c) ointment d) tranquillizer
GRAMMAR IN USE
Passive Voice
To be + V3
| Indefinite | Continious | Perfect |
| To be +V3 | To be+being+V3 | To have+been+V3 |
Future | Will be+V3 |
| Will have+been+V3 |
Present | Is,am, are + V3 | Is, am,are+being+V3 | Have,has+been+V3 |
Past | Was,were+V3 | Was,were+V3 | Had+been+V3 |
Exercise 1. Change the following into Passive Voice
1. The doctor examines the patients every day.
2. Somebody called in a doctor.
3. The nurse did not visit the patient yesterday.
4. The students will not be able to complete their experiments in a week.
5. The patient’s temperature returns to normal.
6. The students saw a scientific film yesterday.
7. The surgeon operated on the patient successfully.
8. The doctor will discharge the patient from the hospital in two days.
Exercise 2. Read and translate the pairs of sentences paying attention to the predicate. State the grammar differences between them.
1. The doctor is examining the patient now. The patient is being examined by a doctor now.
2. When I came the students were carrying the experiment. When I came the experiments were being carried by the students.
3. Are they preparing Latin now? Is Latin being prepared now?
4. The dentist was extracting a patient’s tooth when we came. The patient’s tooth was being extraction when we came.
5. I am heating hydrogen in the tube. Hydrogen is being heating in the tube.
6. When I entered the laboratory the students were completing their research work. When I entered the laboratory the research work was being completed by the students.
7. The professor delivers a lecture now. The lecture is being delivered by the professor.
8. Surgeons are operating an injured man now. An injured man is being operated by the surgeons now.
Exercise 3. Say the following sentences in the Past and Future Perfect Passive.
1. The work has been completed.
2. The important findings have been proved.
3. The number of leucocytes has been counted.
4. A female patient has been transferred to the hospital.
5. The new methods of research have been included into my work.
6. The course of treatment has been prolonged.
7. The structure of the pancreas has been described in the new book.
8. The processes of inhibition in the cortex of the experimental animals have been described after the observation.
Exercise 4. Open the brackets using the correct gorm of the verb.
1. The patient already (to treat) by the doctor from pneumonia.
2. Recently it (to determined) that in the adults the heart makes from 60-72 beats per minute.
3. The wound is usually dressed by the nurse.
4. Blood pressure (to take) now.
5. Skin irritation (to cause) by overdosage of the drug.
6. I (to treat) at this clinic for acute pneumonia last week.
7. We were said that the direction of the nerve fibers already (to establish) experimentally.
8. The experiments (to carry out) at this moment.
Exercise 5. Make up question to the underlined words.
1. The hormones are delivered to various organs.
2. The patient has been recommended to consult his pharmacist for professional advice on medicines.
3. Many hormones affect metabolism.
4. The chemical composition of some hormones is well-known.
5. The poisonous herbs were being stored in a jar with tightly-fitting lids.
6. Each gland consists of glandular epithelial tissue.
7. The hormones affect the functions of the different parts of the nervous system.
8. Louis Pasteur produced the theory that disease and infection had been caused by germs.
Завдання для самостійної роботи
студентів (СРС)
I. Перекладіть наступні словосполучення, складіть з ними речення:
1. Впливати на обмін речовин
2. хімічний склад
3. вивідний проток
4. залози внутрішньої секреції
5. використовуватися в медицині
6. висока біологічна активність
7. кожна залоза складається з
8. велика мережа кровоносних судини
9. порушення в діяльності
10. гуморальне регулювання
II. Дайте розгорнуту відповідь на наступні питання:
1. What are the activities of the endocrine glands regulated by?
2. What is the role of hormones?
3. What are the parts of the endocrine system?
4. What is the chief gland of the endocrine system?
5. Where are the hormones secreted?
ІІІ. Поясніть наступні терміни:
Endocrine glands
Hormones
Hypophysis
Тестові завдання для поточного контролю знань
Test:
1. Endocrine glands produce special substances called ….
a) proteins
b) lipids
c) nutrients
d) hormones
e) thrombocytes
2. Hormones may affect … and functioning of different systems.
a) growth
b) metabolism
c) height
d) size
e) depth
3. The activities of endocrine glands are regulated by the ….
a) reproductive system
b) cardiovascular system
c) nervous system
d) respiratory system
e) urogenital system
4. The functions of all endocrine glands are ….
a) independent
b) separate
c) combined
d) tied together
e) interconnected
5. The … is the chief gland of this system.
a) thymus
b) cerebellum
c) adrenals
d) hypophysis
e) pancreas
6. The hormones are carried throughout the organism with the ….
a) lymph
b) blood
c) cerebrospinal fluid
d) respiration
e) urination
7. Hormones are secreted directly into the ….
a) lymph
b) liver
c) blood
d) spleen
e) spinal cord
8. A disturbance in the activity of the endocrine glands is accompanied … changes throughout the organism.
a) in
b) on
c) for
d) at
e) by
9. The glands make … a single system.
a) out
b) up
c) of
d) with
e) by
10. The influence of hormones … the organism is called humoral regulation.
a) at
b) with
c) on
d) by
e) of
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