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Chapter Eight : Reproduction 1 страница



 

 

Chapter Eight: Reproduction

 

 

Complete the following between brackets:

1- The removal of the.............. from some organisms did not affect their normal life. (genital system - respiratory system - digestive system)

1- genital system.

 

2- Polyploidy is useful in............... cell (plant - animal - both of them)

2- plant.

 

3- The cell organelles multiplicate.............. division. (after - during - before)

3- after.

 

4- The human male produce..... gametes that differ in their genetic content. (8 millions - 16 millions - 24 millions)

4- 8 millions.

 

5- The crossing over produced.................. (same traits - new recombination - all previous)

5- new recombination.

 

6- The......... gives great number of offspring in short time. (asexual reproduction - sexual reproduction - all previous)

6- asexual reproduction.

 

7- Asexual reproduction is common in.............. (animals - plants - both of them)

7- plants.

 

8- Asexual reproduction is limited to some primitive forms of........... (plants - mammals - animals)

8- animals.

 

9- In........ reproduction, at any change in the environment, most of the offspring destruct. (sexual - asexual - conjugation)

9- asexual.

 

10- The....... reproduction necessitates the presence of 2 individuals. (sexual - asexual - all previous)

10- sexual.

 

                   

...

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

11- The zygote is produced by the fusion of 2..... (gametes - spores - diploid cells)

11- gametes.

 

12- The asexual reproduction depends on.............. (meiosis - mitosis - cell division)

12- mitosis.

 

13- Amoeba divides each.......... days. (2 or 3 - 4 or 5 - 6 or 7)

13- 2 or 3.

 

14- In unsuitable conditions the amoeba secretes.......... coat. (cuticular - chitinous - cellulosic)

14- chitinous.

 

15- Amoeba reproduces in suitable condition by......... (binary fission - budding - spores)

15- binary fission.

 

16- Reproduction by budding occurred in............ (amoeba and hydra - hydra and yeast - yeast and mushroom)

16- hydra and yeast.

 

17- Buds of hydra originate from the mitotic division of the......... cells (interstitial - intercostal - acromosomal)

17- interstitial.

 

18- From the multicellular organisms that reproduced by buds.......... (hydra and yeast - sponge and yeast - sea star and hydra)

18- sea star and hydra.

 

19- Regeneration is common in................. (sea star and hydra - planaria and sponge - all previous)

19- all previous.

 

20- The capacity for regeneration decreases in............... animals. (higher - lower - plants)

20- lower.

 

                   

...

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

21- Planaria belongs to.......... (fresh water flat worms - salty water flat worms - fresh water cylindrical worms)

21- fresh water flat worms.

 

22- The......... are cells that are adapted for direct growth into complete plants. (spores - gametes - sporocysts)

22- spores.

 

23- The......... is the ability of the egg to develop into new individual without fertilization. (gamete - parthenogenesis - spores)

23- parthenogenesis

 

24- In parthenogenesis the progeny comes only from the.............. (father - male and female - mother)

24- mother.

 

25- In honey bee the unfertilized eggs develop into....... (females - males and females - males)

25- males.

 

26- The males of the honey bee are.......... (haploid - diploid - triploid)

26-haploid.

 

27- In the artificial parthenogenesis the progeny are identical to the......... (mother - father - both of them)



27- mother.

 

28- The tissue culture experiments confirmed that any somatic cells comprises the whole.......... (cytoplasm - genetic information - mitochondria)

28- genetic information.

 

29- Spirogyra turns to.......... reproduction in unsuitable conditions. (asexual - sexual - binary fission)

29- sexual.

 

30- The spirogyra is...... organism. (haploid - diploid - triploid)

30- haploid.

 

                   

...

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

31- The spirogyra reproduce sexually by....... (conjugation - gametes formation - spores)

31- conjugation

 

32- Into.......... the egg gets rid of half of its chromosomes, (polar bodies - spores - gametes)

32- polar bodies.

 

33- The...... demands male and female gametes. (sexual reproduction - asexual reproduction - conjugation)

33- sexual reproduction

 

34- The alternation of generation in animal occurred in the life cycle of............. (plasmodium malaria - bilharzia - both of them)

34- both of them.

 

35- The plasmodium is a.............. animal (sporozoan - spores - diploid cell)

35- sporozoan

 

36- The sporozoits live in the....... of the mosquito. (stomach cavity - stomach wall - salivary glands)

36- salivary glands.

 

37- The infected stage of the plasmodium malaria is the........... (sporozoits - merozoites - trophozoits)

37- sporozoits.

 

38- The sporozoits reproduce inside the hepatic cell by............ (regeneration - shizogony - sporogony)

38- shizogony.

 

39- The merozoits infect the red blood cells after............. (incubation period - 3 days - 4 days)

39- incubation period.

 

40- The zygote in the life cycle of the plasmodium malaria grows into...................... (ookenite - sporocyst - sporozoits)

40- Ookenite.

 

                   

...

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

41- The male gametocytes produce............. in the stomach cavity of the mosquito. (male gametes - male spores - male gamete)

41- male gametes.

 

42- The asexual reproduction in the stomach wall of the mosquito occurred by.............. (sporogony - shizogony - regeneration)

42- sporogony.

 

43- The plasmodium is............ organism. (diploid - haploid - triploid)

43- haploid.

 

44- The shizogony of merozoits in the red blood cells give millions of merozoits each............. (2 days - 3 days - 4 days)

44- 2 days.

 

45- The life cylce of........... includes two phytes which are sporophyte and gametophyte. (adiuntum - plasmodium - both of them)

45- adiuntum.

 

46- The male organs in of the gametophyte of the adiantum is the................ (antheridia - archegonia - ovary)

46- antheridia.

 

47- The spore in the life cycle of the adiantum grow into.............. (sporophyte - gametophyte - sporocyts)

47- gametophyte.

 

48- The sporocyst is............ (haploid - diploid - triploid)

48- diploid.

 

49- The spores are produced by the meiotic division of the............... (spore mother cells - ovule - swimming cells)

49- spore mother cells.

 

50- The life cycle of the adiuntum starts by the............. (sporophyte - gametophyte - spores)

50- sporophyte.

 

                   

...

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

51- On the underside of the green leaves of the sporophyte exist................... (soris - sporocysts - spores)

51- soris

 

52- The......... degenerates after the growth of the new plant. (gametophyte - sporophyte - archegonia)

52- gametophyte.

 

53- The sporophyte is a................. (rhizome - green stem - rhizoid)

53- rhizome.

 

54- The adult worm of the bilharzia reproduces sexually in the................ (intermediate host - main host - water)

54- main host.

 

55- All stages of the plasmodium malaria are haploid except............ (sporozoits - merozoits - zygote)

55- zygote.

 

56- Fertilization is fusion of both male and female............. (gametes - nuclei - organs)

56- nuclei.

 

57- The...... remain within the female body in mammals. (male gametes - female gametes - both of them)

57- female gametes.

 

58- The pollination in Adiantum demands............... (water - dry soil - non of them)

58- water.

 

59- The flower is a short................. (pedicle - stem - stalk)

59- stem.

 

60- The male organ in the flower is called................ (androecium - gynoecium - anther)

60- androecium.

 

                   

...

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

61- The male leaflets in the flower are called.............. (stamens - carpels - sepals)

61- stamens.

 

62- The carpel consists of stygma, style and the ovary where exist the..................... (pollen grains - ovules - ovary)

62- ovules.

 

63- The typical flower contains............ (gynoecium - androecium - all of them)

63- all of them.

 

64- If both male and female flowers exist on the same stem the plant is.............. (monocious - dieocious - hermaphrodite)

64- monocious.

 

65- If the male flowers exist on a stem and the female flowers on another stem the plant is called................. (monocious - dieocious - unisexual)

65- dieocieous

 

66- The receptacle of the hypogynous flowers is................ (convex - concave - flattened)

66- convex.

 

67- The receptacle of the epigynous flowers is............... (convex - concave - flattened)

67- concave.

 

68- The rceptacle of the perigynous flowers is.................. (concex - concave - flattened)

68- flattened.

 

69- The micro-spore develops into............. (embryonic sac - pollen grain - ovule)

69- pollen grain.

 

70- The nucleus of the micro-spore divides by mitosis into tube and................... nucleus. (generative - endospermic - male)

70- generative.

 

                   

...

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

71- The orthotropous ovule is................ (rare - common - normal)

71- rare.

 

72- In the anatropous ovule the micropyle lies near the............ (funicle - receptacle - embryonic sac)

72- funicle.

 

73- The cell close to the micropyle grows forming the.......... (ovule - egg - ovary)

73- egg.

 

74- The three cells that are distant from the micropyle are called................. cells. (synergid - antipodal - endosperm)

74- antipodal.

 

75- The male nucleus fuses with the egg forming the.............. or the new plant. (embryo - endosperm nucleus - ovule)

75- embryo.

 

76- The endosperm nucleus is.............. (2n - 1n - 3n)

76- 3n.

 

77- The............. is the fusion of male nucleus with the egg and the fusion of the other male nucleus with the 2 polar nuclei. (double fertilization - fertilization - all previous)

77- double fertilization.

 

78- In exendospermic seeds the endosperm tissue.......... (is consumed - remains - develop into embryo)

78- is consumed.

 

79- The two integuments of the ovule become............ (nucellus - testa - ovary wall)

79- testa.

 

80- The ovary's wall in the flower becomes................ (pericarp - nucellus - fruit)

80- pericarp.

 

                   

...

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

81- The single seeded fruit is called............... (seed - grain - orange)

81- grain.

 

82- In the............, the integument of the ovary and the ovule fuse together. (grain - seed - both of them)

82- grain.

 

83- In............. the leaflets of the calyx and the stamens remain. (orange - pomegranate - dates)

83- pomegranate.

 

84- In................ the corolla remains. (marrow - tomato - egg plant)

84- marrow.

 

85- The receptacle share in fruit formation as in................ (apple and fig - egg plant ant fig - apple and marrow

85- apple and fig.

 

86- The................... provides the flower with male cells. (fertilization - pollination - all previous)

86- pollination.

 

87- The developing of fruit without pollination and fertilization is called........................ (parthenogenesis - parthenocarpy - sporogony)

87- parthenocarpy

 

88- The parthenocarpy in nature occurs in................. (Banana - pine apple - seedless orange - seedless grape - all the previous)

88- all the previous.

 

89- The testes in man move out of the main body cavity into the scrotum during the............. months of pregnancy. (last - first - middle)

89- last.

 

90- Whenever the testes fail to descend down into the scrotum,......... does not occur. (interstitial - sertoli - spermatogenesis)

90- spermatogenesis.

 

                   

...

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

91- The........... cells in the testes secrete the male sex hormones. (interstitial - sertoli - spermatogonia)

91- interstitial.

 

92- In the genital system of male the.............. gland surround the bladder's neck. (prostate - Cowper - epididymis)

92- prostate.

 

93- The seminal fluid of the male in man contains................ million sperms per ejaculation. (300-500, 100-200, 200-300)

93- 300-500.

 

94- The.......... of the sperms secretes enzymes which dissolve the hyaluronic acid. (acrosome - head - middle piece)

94- acrosome.

 

95- The middle piece of the sperm possesses..................... (centrioles - mitochondria - nucleus)

95- mitochondria

 

96- In the female of man about ……….. Ova mature. (400 or 200 - 100 or 200 - 200 or 300)

96- 400 or 200

 

97- The ………. provides a safe place to complete the fertilization and embryo development till birth. (endometrium - uterus - ovary)

97- uterus.

 

98- The uterus lie in the …………. Region. (pelvic - abdomina - thoracic)

98- pelvic.

 

99- The fecundity years of the female in man is ……….. (thirty or more - forty or more - fifty or more)

99- thirty or more.

 

100- The ……… tube is a muscular ciliated tube that directs the ovum to the uterus. (endometrium - uterine - fallopian)

100- fallopian.


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