1. If the xylem in a young tree is damaged, which process is first affected?

BIOLOGY SET

1. If the xylem in a young tree is damaged, which process is first affected?

a) performing photosynthesis

b) transporting sugar to the roots

c) transporting water to the leaves

d) absorbing water from the soil

2. RNA and DNA are which type of organic compound?

a) Carbohydrate

b) Lipid

c) nucleic acid

d) protein

3. Which is an example of osmosis?

a) potassium ions moving in and out of an animal cell

b) carbon dioxide moving into the leaf cells of a plant

c) oxygen moving into the bloodstream from the lungs

d) water moving into the root cells of a plant

4. A scientist treats a cell with a chemical that destroys the ribosomes. As a result, which cell process will be stopped?

a) Osmosis

b) Photosynthesis

c) protein synthesis

d) respiration

5. This diagram shows an enzyme-substrate complex.

What is represented by Structure Z?

a) substrate

b) product

c) enzyme

d) complex

6. In mammals, which of the following substances is produced in a muscle that operates anaerobically?

a) Acetyl CoA

b) Citrate

c) NADPH

d) Lactate

7. Which of the following statements most correctly represents the organization of living systems from smallest to largest?

a) Molecules → organs → cells → organisms

b) Cells → tissues → molecules → ecosystems→ communities

c) Organisms → molecules → cells → atoms

d) Atoms → molecules → cells → organisms →ecosystems

8. Which of the following ions is significantly involved in the opening and closing of the stomata?

a) Calcium

b) Nitrogen

c) Potassium

d) Magnesium

9. Joints are most important for which of the following functions of the human skeletal system?

a) Protection

b) Movement

c) storage of minerals

d) blood cell formation

10. Which of the following normally results from meiosis in a human cell that contains 46 chromosomes?

a) an egg cell with 46 chromosomes

b) a liver cell with 23 chromosomes

c) a blood cell with 46 chromosomes

d) a sperm cell with 23 chromosomes

11. A partial food web is shown below.

Which of the following changes is most likely to occur if the sparrow population decreases?

a) The fox population decreases.

b) The hawk population increases.

c) The grasshopper population competes less with the praying mantis population.

d) The hawk population and the fox population prey more heavily on grasshoppers.

12. Which type of cell must contain a mutation in order for the mutation to be passed from a woman to her offspring?

a) blood cell

b) brain cell

c) egg cell

d) skin cell

13. The scientific name for the woodchuck is Marmota monax, and the scientific name for the long-tailed marmot is Marmota caudata. Which of the following statements describes the taxonomic relationship between the woodchuck and the long-tailed marmot?

a) They belong to different phyla.

b) They belong to the same genus.

c) They belong to the same species.

d) They belong to different families.

14. Which of the following is incapable of reproducing outside a host cell?

a) Alga

b) Mold

c) Moss

d) Virus

15. Which of the following statements describes the role of ATP in animal cells?

a) ATP stores and releases energy.

b) ATP forms the channels in the plasma membrane.

c) ATP serves as the hereditary material in the nucleus.

d) ATP attaches to and digests unneeded organic molecules.

16. Which of the following diagrams shows a prokaryotic cell?

a)

b)

c)

d)

17. Scientists have found geysers on one of Saturn’s moons. The geysers release water vapor containing complex organic compounds, which may indicate the presence of life.

Which of the following elements is most likely abundant in the organic compounds in the water vapor?

a) Carbon

b) Chlorine

c) Iron

d) Zinc

18. In pure water, a red blood cell from an animal will swell and burst, but a leaf cell from a plant will not. Which structure in the leaf cell is responsible for this difference?

a) cell membrane

b) cell wall

c) mitochondrion

d) nucleus

19. The nose serves all the following functions except

a) providing an airway.

b) moistening inhaled air.

c) filtering dust and particles from inhaled air.

d) transferring oxygen from the air to the bloodstream.

20. A person who is cold shivers to generate body heat. Which of the following lists the primary body systems that interact to maintain homeostasis in this situation?

a) nervous, excretory, and respiratory

b) excretory, digestive, and respiratory

c) digestive, muscular, and circulatory

d) muscular, circulatory, and nervous

21. Which of the following is a compound?

a) Lead

b) Gold

c) Potassium

d) Water

22. What happens when a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution?

a) it will lose water

b) it will gain water

c) it will lyse

d) the pH of the cell will increase

23. Which of the following best describes meiosis?

a) it is carried out in all tissues that require cell replacement

b) it occurs only in cells in the reproductive organs of the organism

c) it happens in all tissues except the brain and spinal cord

d) it is the first stage of mitosis

24. A cell from heart muscle would probably have an unusually high proportion of

a) lysosomes

b) mitochondria

c) mRNA

d) lipids

25. The process of converting a DNA sequence to an mRNA is called transcription. What is the process of converting an mRNA molecule to a protein called?

a) Replication

b) transcription II

c) transduction

d) translation

26. What of the following stores bile, which is needed to digest lipids (including fats)?

a) Liver

b) gall bladder

c) small intestine

d) stomach

27. The functions of the lymphatic system are

a) to absorb proteins from the digestive tract

b) to collect and return interstitial fluid to the blood

c) to carry out excretion

d) to pump blood into the heart

28. Antibodies are synthesized by

a) B lymphocytes

b) Phagocytes

c) Helper T lymphocytes

d) Killer T lymphocytes

29. Which of the following occurs in response to a stressful situation?

a) increase in metabolic rate

b) vasodilation of blood vessels to stomach and skin

c) decrease in blood sugar level

d) all of the above

30. Which of the following activities would be affected directly in a person with a diseased liver?

a) regulation of blood sugar concentration

b) digestion of proteins

c) absorption of water and minerals from the large intestine

d) digestion of carbohydrates

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