1- The sequence of nucleotides in the gene enables us to know the . in the corresponding protein.
Molecular biology
Complete:
1- The sequence of nucleotides in the gene enables us to know the................ in the corresponding protein.
1- Types of Amino acids.
2- The............ enzyme helps in the addition of new nucleotides to the............... end of the new DNA strand.
2- DNA polymerase - 3 prime
3- In DNA molecule, the number of nucleotides containing adenine is equal to those containing................
3- Thymine
4- The two strands of a double helix model of DNA are held together by................ between...............
4- Hydrogen bond - nitrogenous bases.
5- The number of cytosine bases in a DNA molecule equals to the number of.................
5- guanine
6- DNA molecules are composed of three units which are.............,.................... and.................
6- Pentose sugar - phosphate group - nitrogen base
7- The nitrogen - containing bases.............. and................ are called purine, the bases............ and.............. are refered as pyrimidines.
7- Adenine - guanine - Thymine - Cytosine
8- Each functioning ribosome is composed of................. subunits.
8- two
9- There are at least............. t.RNA in each cell.
9- 20
10-................. and............... are the two sites of the larger ribosomal subunit.
10- Amino. acyle - peptidyl
11- Protein synthesis ends when a ribosome reaches............ codons on the................ end.
11- stop - 3 prime
12- Translation is the transfer of genetic code from a............. to a sequence of............. in a polypeptide.
12- m. RNA - amino acids
13-..................,..................... and................. are the three types of RNA.
13- m. RNA - t RNA - r RNA
14- Genome means.............
14- all the genes arranged within DNA molecule in any cell.
II. Give reasons for:
1- DNA is wounded around clusters of histones in the chromosomes.
1- To shorten the DNA molecule 10 times.
2- DNA is the genetic material due to deoxyribonuclease enzyme.
2- Because this enzyme break down DNA into small useless fragement - Avery used it to prove that DNA is the genetic material.
3- The genetic codon is universal.
3- Because the same codons code for the same amino acids in all living organisms
4- The presence of a nucleolus in eukaryotic cells.
4- Inside it synthesis of Ribosomes take place
5- There are two important sites in the t.RNA
5- The anticodon which base pair with codon on m-RNA and the attachement site with amino acid.
6- Bacteria are related to prokaryotes while protozoa are related to eukaryotes.
6- The DNA in bacteria is circular, not associated with proteins attached to the plasma membrane, while the DNA of protozoa is associated with proteins - found inside the nucleus in the form of chromosome.
7- Structure of the gene affects the type of protein produced.
7- Proteins differ in the number of amino acids - types of amino acids and the arrangement of amino acids.
8- The number of codons of the genetic code is 64 and what codes for amino acids is 61 code.
8- Because there are three stop codons which are UAA UAG UGA
9- There is poly - A tail at the end of m-RNA.
9- To protect it from breaking down by the enzymes found in the cytoplasm
10- DNA is more stable than RNA
10- Bec. it consists of double helix if one strand is damaged the other one acts as a templet.
11- Some viruses show high rate of genetic change.
11- Bec. these viruses have single stranded DNA or RNA which are exposed to be changed all the time.
12- Biologists isolate mRNA from a genome of human pancreatic cells.
12- To use it in reverse transcriptase reaction to produce DNA responsible for formation of human insulin.
13- Biologists prefer using recombinant DNA on transposable elements than plasmids in higher organisms.
13- Bec. transposable elements can move to the inside of cells with no need to break down the cell walls.
Put () or ()
1- DNA repair depends on one copy of genetic information of DNA molecule.
1- ()
2- Damaged portion of DNA molecule is repaired in all cases.
2- ()
3- DNA in prokaryotes is complexed with proteins.
3- ()
4- All amino acids have alkyle group.
4- ()
5- Enzymes regulate the chemical reactions in the cells.
5- ()
6- DNA molecule contains ribose sugar.
6- ()
7- In DNA, purines can only pair with other purines.
7- ()
8-Guanines have a single carbon ring and nitrogen atom.
8- ()
9- DNA replicates just before the begining of cell division.
9- ()
10- There are no homologous chromosomes in individual egg or sperm cells.
10- ()
11- Each polypeptide is synthesized on ribosomes.
11- ()
12- The function of t.RNA is to transport specific amino acids to specific sites on the m.RNA
12- ()
Write down the scientific term:-
1- Succession of amino acids linked through peptide bonds.
1- Polypeptide
2- A building unit which consists of a pentose sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.
2- A nucleotide
3- Formation of a new double helix identical to another one.
3- Replication "doublication"
4- A change that takes place in the structure of DNA.
4- Mutation
5- Living organisms which have DNA not complicated with proteins.
5- Prokaryotes
6- The amount of DNA in the cell.
6- Genome
7- Mixing DNA from two different resources.
7- Hybridization
8-Separating a specific gene from one organism and insert it to another living organism.
8- Recombinat DNA
9- Group of Enyzmes that attack specific sequences of nucleotides in the viral DNA and break it into useless fragments.
9- Restriction endonuclease
10- A process through which m.RNA is produced from DNA.
10- Transcription
11- An enzyme used to build up new DNA molecules.
11- DNA polymerase.
1- DNA polymerase enzyme and DNA ligase enzyme.
1- DNA polymerase enzyme and DNA ligase enzyme. 1- Polymerase:- - Forms a new DNA strand by addition the nucleotides one by one in the direction of 5 to 3 end of the new strand. - Works at the same direction of helicase enzyme. - Follows the helicase enzyme directly. DNA ligase: - Forms a new strand by joining the short pieces of nucleotides in the direction 5 to 3 end of the new strand. - Works in the opposite direction of helicase enzyme. - Not follows the helicase enzyme.
2- DNA in Prokaryotes and DNA in Eukaryotes
2- DNA in Prokaryotes and DNA in Eurkaryotes. - DNA in prokyaryotes- - It takes the shape of a circle. - It is attached to the plasma membrane at one or more point at which replication starts. - It is not complexed with proteins. - Some bacteria contain plasmids which are replicated with the main DNA. - 100%, coding sequences. - The genetic code is translated during the transcription of mRNA from DNA. - DNA of Eukaryotes:- - It is organized into several chromosomes, each one contains a single DNA molecule which runs from one end to the other, ends are not joined together. - Replication starts at many different points along the DNA molecule. - It is complexed with histone and non histone proteins forming chromation. - Some yeast cells contain plasmids. - Some segments have non-coding sequences. - The genetic code is translated after the m.RNA transcription from DNA is completed.
3-Structural proteins - regulatory proteins.
3- Structural proteins - regulatory proteins: - Structural:- - proteins that constitute building materials in the living organism such as actin and myosin of muscles and other contractile systems, collagens form connective ligaments and keratin that forms protective covering such as skin - hair - claws, etc. * Regulatory: - Proteins that regulate the numerous processes and activities for organisms e.g: - Enzymes that modulate chemical reactions. - Hormones: that coordinate functions of body organs. * Antibodies: - that provide immunity against infection by microbes and the toxins they secrete.
4- DNA and RNA
4-
What would happen in each of the followign cases?
1- If DNA is heated to 100
1- The Hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases break down. So the two strands are separated.
2- Passage of X-Rays through crystals of highly purified DNA.
2- This helps a lot to determine the DNA structure
A) What are the practical applications of recombint DNA technology?
1- Production of useful proteins such as insulin and interferon. 2- Production of plants which have the ability to fix nitrogen gas. 3- Production of crop plants resist herbicides. 4- Production of Enzymes for some industries e.g cheese. 5- To clean up organic wastes. 6- To produce chemicals using metabolism of microorganisms. 7- To make safer vaccines. 8- To diagnose genetic disorder. 9- To diagnose infection diseases e.g hepatitis.
B) Mention the name of the enzyme in each of the following cases:-
1- The formation of m.RNA from DNA ribbon.
1- RNA polymerase.
2- The formation of DNA from m.RNA
2- Reverse transcriptase enzyme.
3- The separation of DNA ribbon by breaking the hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases.
3- DNA helicase
4- The breaking of DNA in specific places.
4- recognition endonucleases.
5- The complete analysis of DNA.
5- Deoxyribonuclease
6- The addition of new nucleotides to a DNA ribbon in the 3 end.
6- DNA polymerase.
C) If the nucleotide sequence in one strand of DNA is What is:
a- The sequence of nitrogenous bases of its complementary strand
a-
b- The sequence of nitrogenous base in the RNA it transcribes.
b-
D) Mention the main steps of protein synthesis?
- Initiation - Elongation - Termination
1) Draw the steps to show the attack of bacteriophage to bacterial cells
2) Draw a diagram to show the structure of T-RNA
3) Draw the structure of m.RNA
// $(document).ready(function () { var hfDisplayVal = $('#hfDisplayPopup').val(); if (hfDisplayVal == '1') { $('#popupLogin').css('display', 'block'); $('#popupOuter').css('display', 'block'); center(); } else { $('#popupLogin').css('display', 'none'); $('#popupOuter').css('display', 'none'); } $('#close').click(function () { /*popup div on the master page*/ $('#popupLogin').css('display', 'none'); $('#popupOuter').css('display', 'none'); }); function center() { var windowHeight = $(window).height(); var popupHeight = $('#popupLogin').height(); var popupTop = (windowHeight - popupHeight) / 2 + $(window).scrollTop() + 'px'; var windowWidth = $(window).width(); var popupWidth = $('#popupLogin').width(); var popupLeft = (windowWidth - popupWidth) / 2 + 'px'; $('#popupLogin').css('top', popupTop); $('#popupLogin').css('left', popupLeft); } $(window).scroll(function(){ center(); }); }); // //
البريد الإلكتروني
EMail
* *
كلمة المرور
Password
*
نسيت كلمة السر
مستخدم جديد
الصفحة الرئيسية
من نحن
اتصل بنا
مستشارك التعليمي
قاموس
ألعاب
مواهب
نصائح
بحث مدارس
إجابات
- أحياء"باللغة الإنجليزية" الصف الثالث الثانوي
- الفصل الدراسي الثاني
4- The breaking of DNA in specific places.
4- recognition endonucleases.
5- The complete analysis of DNA.
5- Deoxyribonuclease
6- The addition of new nucleotides to a DNA ribbon in the 3 end.
6- DNA polymerase.
C) If the nucleotide sequence in one strand of DNA is What is:
a- The sequence of nitrogenous bases of its complementary strand
a-
b- The sequence of nitrogenous base in the RNA it transcribes.
b-
D) Mention the main steps of protein synthesis?
- Initiation - Elongation - Termination
1) Draw the steps to show the attack of bacteriophage to bacterial cells
2) Draw a diagram to show the structure of T-RNA
3) Draw the structure of m.RNA
/* Google TRACKING CODE */ var gaJsHost1 = (("https:" == document.location.protocol)? "https://ssl.": "http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost1 + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); function GetAnalytics() { try { var cStageName = 'الصف الثالث الثانوي'; var cStageTitle = 'أحياء"باللغة الإنجليزية"'; var cPageType = 'بنك الاسئلة-التفاصيل'; var cTerm = 'الفصل الدراسى الثانى'; var cStageTitleTerm = 'أحياء"باللغة الإنجليزية" الصف الثالث الثانوي الفصل الدراسى الثانى'; var pageTracker1 = _gat._getTracker("UA-8059931-2"); /*pageTracker1._initData(); */ pageTracker1._trackPageview(); // alert("cStageName: " + cStageName); // alert("cStageTitleTerm: " + cStageTitleTerm); //alert("cPageType: " + cPageType); pageTracker1._trackEvent(cPageType, cStageName, cStageTitleTerm, 0); /* Google TRACKING CODE */ } catch (err) { } } GetAnalytics(); جاري التحميل
Complete:
) or (
)
