Is there a difference between these sentences?

Summary 4-38

Is there a difference between these sentences?

1 My uncle, who lives in New York, is coming to Oxford.

2 My uncle who lives in New York is coming to Oxford.

In sentence 1, who lives in New York is a non-defining relative clause. It gives extra non-essential information about the uncle. In sentence 2, it is a defining relative clause. The speaker has more than one uncle so she identifies which uncle she is talking about.

Make 1 sentence out of these two:

I used to live in one of those houses. They have now been demolished.

I used to live in one of those houses

Relative Clauses

That project, which I started years ago, still isn't finished.

Professor Johnson, who(m) I have long admired, is to visit the university next week.

non-defining relative clauses

- extra information about a noun

- sentence means the same without it

- use commas

- that

I've eaten the cake which I made yesterday.

Van Gogh was an artist who used a lot of colours.

Is this the book that you were looking for?

defining relative clauses

- necessary information

- sentence has different meaning without it

- commas

- that, which, who, etc.

In defining relative clauses, we can omit the relative pronoun if it is the object of the verb.

Relative pronouns

Use: who for people, which for things/groups of people, where for places, whose for possessions belonging to people and things. That can replace any pronoun except whose in defining relative clauses.

NB: Use a relative pronoun after some of, all of, a few of, none of

She has four sisters, none of whom are married.

Fixed prepositional phrases and relative clauses

There are a number of fixed phrases which use a preposition in a non-defining relative clause.

The company ran out of money, at which point I quit my job.

He may work late, in which case I'll get home first.

We watched the final, the result of which was never in doubt.

In informal sentences, the preposition stays with the verb. In formal sentences we put the preposition before the relative pronoun. Compare:

He completed the book which he'd been working on. (informal)

He completed the book on which he'd been working. (formal)

Do the exercise: choose the correct option(s) and put commas where needed

1. People who/which/that live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones. 2. Walden Pond who/which/that was written in the mid-1800s remains a popular book among romantic and individualistic Americans. 3. She prefers to watch movies who/which/that make her cry. 4. He bought all the books who/which/that are required for the course. 5. In the crowd were several recruits who/which/that are regarded as excellent prospects for next year's team. 6. The family that/whose/whom house burnt in the fire was immediately given a complimentary suite in a hotel. 7. Viereck's children who/which/that all graduated from college came home for her eightieth birthday. 8. Predictably, the students who/which/that did best were not the ones who stayed up all night studying. 9. She wanted to buy a scarf who/which/that would complement her blue eyes. 10. The answers who/which/that you can find in the back of the book are sometimes incorrect.

Homework:

1) Review all grammar

2) Learn the rules of Relative Clauses

3. Choose the correct options to complete the text.

When Dutchman Vincent van Dijk 1 __ as a lifestyle trend watcher, moved to Amsterdam for his

job, he couldn't find a place to live. He'd been staying in hotels for several weeks, 2 __ he hit on a great idea. Carrying nothing but the suitcase 3 __ all his possessions were contained, he decided to

stay in a different hotel every night for a year and blog about his experiences.

He realised that through his blogging, each hotel 4 __ he was staying could gain valuable publicity, so he began asking the managers if he could stay for free in exchange for a write-up in his blog. Most of the managers 5 __ hotels were struggling in the wake of the financial crisis, were delighted with the idea.

The hotels 6 __ he wrote varied from cheap hostels to fivestar luxury spots. Some hotel managers treated him like a king, greeting him personally on arrival, preparing the finest suite on offer, or letting him dine for free. He luxuriated in a €3,500-a-night room 7 __ it took him ten minutes to switch off all the lights (he joked in his blog). Another room had an en suite bathroom 8 __ would not be out of place in a royal palace.

But he also stayed in cheap dives, 9 __ were barely habitable. He came across hotels that smelt of fresh paint and cigarette smoke, a room 10 __ was no wider than a toilet, and curtains covering crumbling walls.

Vincent van Dijk's idea was an audacious project, but probably only doable by someone 11 __ hotels are one of life's great pleasures. Despite offers from hotels in London, Paris and Rio, van Dijk stayed put in Holland 12 __ he plans to write a book about Amsterdam's accommodation.

1. a), who works b) who works c) that works

2 a) was when b) at which point c) which point

3 a) which in b) which c) in which

4 a) that b) where c) which

5 a) whom b) whose c), whose

6 a), about which b) that c) about which

7 a) in which b) which c) in where

8 a) that b) at which c), that

9 a) which some b) some which c) some of which

10 a) that b) where there c) in which it

11 a) who b) for whom c) for which

12 a) where b), where c) on which

Answers:

1. People who /which/ that (в разговорной речи) live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones. 2. Walden Pond, who/ which /that was written in the mid-1800s, remains a popular book among romantic and individualistic Americans. 3. She prefers to watch movies who/which/ that make her cry. 4. He bought all the books who/ which (also possible)/that are required for the course. 5. In the crowd were several recruits who /which/ that are regarded as excellent prospects for next year's team. 6. The family that/ whose /whom house burnt in the fire was immediately given a complimentary suite in a hotel. 7. Viereck's children, who /which/that all graduated from college, came home for her eightieth birthday. 8. Predictably, the students who /which/ that did best were not the ones who stayed up all night studying. 9. She wanted to buy a scarf who/ which / that would complement her blue eyes. 10. The answers, who/ which /that you can find in the back of the book, are sometimes incorrect.

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