1. The terms _________________ and ______________ are often used interchangeably, but have nuances that differentiate them.
o imperialism and relativism
o culture and society
o society and ethnocentrism
o ethnocentrism and xenocentrism
2. The American flag is a material object that denotes the United States of America; however, there arecertain connotations that many associate with the flag, like bravery and freedom. In this example, whatare bravery and freedom?
o Symbols
o Language
o Material culture
o Nonmaterial culture
3. The belief that one’s culture is inferior to/worse than another culture is called:
o ethnocentrism
o nationalism
o xenocentrism
o imperialism
4. Most cultures have been found to identify laughter as a sign of humor, joy, or pleasure. Likewise,most cultures recognize music in some form. Music and laughter are examples of:
o relativism
o ethnocentrism
o xenocentrism
o universalism
5. A nation’s flag is:
o A symbol
o A value
o A culture
o A folkway
6. The notion that people cannot feel or experience something that they do not have a word for can beexplained by:
o linguistics
o Sapir-Whorf
o Ethnographic imagery
o bilingualism
7. An example of high culture is ___________, whereas an example of popular culture would be____________.
o theatre; football
o football; theatre
o country music; pop music
o political theory; sociological theory
8. Your 83-year-old grandmother has been using a computer for some time now. As a way to keep intouch, you frequently send e-mails of a few lines to let her know about your day. She calls after every e-mail to respond point by point, but she has never e-mailed a response back. This can be viewed as anexample of:
o cultural lag
o innovation
o ethnocentricity
o xenophobia
9. Which of the following occupations is a person of power most likely to have in an informationsociety?
o Software engineer
o Coal miner
o Children’s book author
Sharecropper
10. Organic solidarity is most likely to exist in which of the following types of societies?
o Hunter-gatherer
o Industrial
o Agricultural
o Feudal
11. According to Marx, the _____ own the means of production in a society.
o proletariat
o vassals
o bourgeoisie
o Anomie
12. The concept of the iron cage was popularized by which of the following sociological thinkers?
o Max Weber
o Karl Marx
o Émile Durkheim
o Friedrich Engels
13. Émile Durkheim’s ideas about society can best be described as ________.
o functionalist
o conflict theorist
o symbolic interactionist
o rationalist
14. Socialization, as a sociological term, describes:
o how people interact during social situations
o how people learn societal norms, beliefs, and values
o a person’s internal mental state when in a group setting
o the difference between introverts and extroverts
15. What did Carol Gilligan believe earlier researchers into morality had overlooked?
o The justice perspective
o Sympathetic reactions to moral situations
o The perspective of females
o How social environment affects how morality develops
16. From a sociological perspective, which factor does not greatly influence a person’s socialization?
o Gender
o Class
o Blood type
o Race
17. Chris Langan’s story illustrates that:
o children raised in one-parent households tend to have higher IQs.
o intelligence is more important than socialization.
o socialization can be more important than intelligence
o neither socialization nor intelligence affects college admissions
18. How do schools prepare children to one day enter the workforce?
o With a standardized curriculum
o Through the hidden curriculum
o By socializing them in teamwork
o All of the above
19. Which of the following is a manifest function of schools?
o Understanding when to speak up and when to be silent
o Learning to read and write
o Following a schedule
o Knowing locker room etiquette
20. Which of the following is typically the earliest agent of socialization?
o School
o Family
o Mass media
o Workplace
21. What is a group whose values, norms, and beliefs come to serve as a standard for one's own behavior?
o Secondary group
o Formal organization
o Reference group
o Primary group
22. A parent who is worrying over her teenager’s dangerous and self-destructive behavior and low self-esteemmay wish to look at her child’s:
o reference group
o in-group
o out-group
o All of the above
23. Two people who have just had a baby have turned from a _______ to a _________.
o primary group; secondary group
o dyad; triad
o couple; family
o de facto group; nuclear family
24. Why do people join utilitarian organizations?
o Because they feel an affinity with others there
o Because they receive a tangible benefit from joining
o Because they have no choice
o Because they feel pressured to do so
25. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of bureaucracies?
o Coercion to join
o Hierarchy of authority
o Explicit rules
o Division of labor
26. Which of the following best describes how deviance is defined?
o Deviance is defined by federal, state, and local laws.
o Deviance’s definition is determined by one’s religion.
o Deviance occurs whenever someone else is harmed by an action.
o Deviance is socially defined.
27. Societies practice social control to maintain ________.
o formal sanctions
o social order
o cultural deviance
o sanction labeling
28. One day, you decide to wear pajamas to the grocery store. While you shop, you notice people givingyou strange looks and whispering to others. In this case, the grocery store patrons are demonstrating_______.
o deviance
o formal sanctions
o informal sanctions
o positive sanctions
29. According to C. Wright Mills, which of the following people is most likely to be a member of thepower elite?
o A war veteran
o A senator
o A professor
o A mechanic
30. ______ deviance is a violation of norms that ______result in a person being labeled a deviant.
o Secondary; does not
o Negative; does
o Primary; does not
o Primary; may or may not
31. Which of the following is an example of corporate crime?
o Embezzlemen t
o Larceny
o Assault
o Burglary
32. Spousal abuse is an example of a ________.
o street crime
o corporate crime
o violent crime
o nonviolent crime
33. The ________ can be directly attributed to the digital divide, because differential ability to access the internet leads directly to a differential ability to use the knowledge found on the internet.
o digital divide
o knowledge gap
o feminist perspective
o e-gap
34. The fact that your cell phone is using outdated technology within a year or two of purchase is anexample of ____________.
o the conflict perspective
o conspicuous consumption
o media
o planned obsolescence
35. The history of technology began _________.
o in the early stages of human societies
o with the invention of the computer
o during the Renaissance
o during the 19th century
36. Which of the following is NOT a form of new media?
o The cable television program
o Wikipedia
o Facebook
o A cooking blog written by Rachel Ray
37. Comic books, Wikipedia, MTV, and a commercial for Coca-Cola are all examples of:
o media
o symbolic interaction perspective
o e-readiness
o the digital divide
38. In the mid-90s, the U.S. government grew concerned that Microsoft was a _______________,exercising disproportionate control over the available choices and prices of computers.
o monopoly
o conglomerate
o functionalism
o technological globalization
39. The government of __________ blocks citizens ’ access to popular new media sites like Facebook,YouTube, and Twitter.
o China
o India
o Afghanistan
o Australia
40. What factor makes caste systems closed?
o They are run by secretive governments.
o People cannot change their social standings.
o Most have been outlawed.
o They exist only in rural areas.
41. What factor makes class systems open?
o They allow for movement between the classes.
o People are more open-minded.
o People are encouraged to socialize within their class.
o They do not have clearly defined layers.
42. Which of these systems allows for the most social mobility?
o Caste
o Monarchy
o Endogamy
o Class
43. Which of the following scenarios is an example of intergenerational mobility?
o A janitor belongs to the same social class as his grandmother did.
o An executive belongs to a different class than her parents.
o An editor shares the same social class as his cousin.
o A lawyer belongs to a different class than her sister.
44. Social stratification is a system that:
o ranks society members into categories
o destroys competition between society members
o allows society members to choose their social standing
o reflects personal choices of society members
45. When Karl Marx said workers experience alienation, he meant that workers:
o must labor alone, without companionship
o do not feel connected to their work
o move from one geographical location to another
o have to put forth self-effort to get ahead
46. Conflict theorists view capitalists as those who:
o are ambitious
o fund social services
o spend money wisely
o get rich while workers stay poor
47. A sociologist who focuses on the way that multinational corporations headquartered in core nations exploit the local workers in their peripheral nation factories is using a _________ perspective tounderstand the global economy.
o functional
o conflict theory
o feminist
o symbolic interactionist
48. A ____________ perspective theorist might find it particularly noteworthy that wealthy corporationsimprove the quality of life in peripheral nations by providing workers with jobs, pumping money intothe local economy, and improving transportation infrastructure.
o functional
o conflict
o feminist
o symbolic interactionist
49. A sociologist working from a symbolic interaction perspective would:
o study how inequality is created and reproduced
o study how corporations can improve the lives of their low-income workers
o try to understand how companies provide an advantage to high-income nations compared tolow-income nations
o want to interview women working in factories to understand how they manage the expectations of their supervisors, make ends meet, and support their households on a day-today basis
50. France might be classified as which kind of nation?
o Global
o Core
o Semi-peripheral
o Peripheral
51. In the past, the United States manufactured clothes. Many clothing corporations have shut down their American factories and relocated to China. This is an example of:
o conflict theory
o social stratification
o global inequality
o capital flight
52. Maya is a 12-year-old girl living in Thailand. She is homeless, and often does not know where shewill sleep or when she will eat. We might say that Maya lives in _________ poverty.
o subjective
o absolute
o relative
o global
53. Mike, a college student, rents a studio apartment. He cannot afford a television and lives on cheap groceries like dried beans and ramen noodles. Since he does not have a regular job, he does not own acar. Mike is living in:
o global poverty
o absolute poverty
o subjective poverty
o relative poverty
54. Kate has a full-time job and two children. She has enough money for the basics and can pay her renteach month, but she feels that, with her education and experience, her income should be enough for herfamily to live much better than they do. Kate is experiencing:
o global poverty
o subjective poverty
o absolute poverty
o relative poverty
55. Dependency theorists explain global inequality and global stratification by focusing on the waythat:
o core nations and peripheral nations exploit semi-peripheral nations
o semi-peripheral nations exploit core nations
o peripheral nations exploit core nations
o core nations exploit peripheral nations
56. What is the one defining feature of a minority group?
o Self-definition
o Numerical minority
o Lack of power
o Strong cultural identity
57. Ethnicity describes shared:
o beliefs
o language
o religion
o any of the above
58. Which of the following is an example of a numerical majority being treated as a subordinate group?
o Jewish people in Germany
o Creoles in New Orleans
o White people in Brazil
o Blacks under Apartheid in South Africa
59. Scapegoat theory shows that:
o subordinate groups blame dominant groups for their problems
o dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems
o some people are predisposed to prejudice
o all of the above
60. Stereotypes can be based on:
o race
o ethnicity
o gender
o all of the above
61. What is discrimination?
o Biased thoughts against an individual or group
o Biased actions against an individual or group
o Belief that a race different from yours is inferior
o Another word for stereotyping
62. Which of the following is the best explanation of racism as a social fact?
o It needs to be eradicated by laws.
o It is like a magic pill.
o It does not need the actions of individuals to continue.
o None of the above
63. Which intergroup relation displays the least tolerance?
o Segregation
o Assimilation
o Genocide
o Expulsion
64. What intergroup relationship is represented by the “ salad bowl ” metaphor?
o Assimilation
o Pluralism
o Amalgamation
o Segregation
65. Amalgamation is represented by the _____________ metaphor.
o melting pot
o Statue of Liberty
o salad bowl
o separate but equal
66. Sociologists tend to define family in terms of:
o how a given society sanctions the relationships of people who are connected through blood, marriage, or adoption
o the connection of bloodlines
o the status roles that exist in a family structure
o how closely members adhere to social norms
67. A woman being married to two men would be an example of:
o monogamy
o polygyny
o polyandry
o cohabitation
68. A child who associates his line of descent with his father’s side only is part of a _____ society.
o matrilocal
o bilateral
o matrilineal
o patrilineal
69. Which of the following is a criticism of the family life cycle model?
o It is too broad and accounts for too many aspects of family.
o It is too narrowly focused on a sequence of stages.
o It does not serve a practical purpose for studying family behavior.
o It is not based on comprehensive research.
70. What are the major factors affecting education systems throughout the world?
o Resources and money
o Student interest
o Teacher interest
o Transportation
71. What do nations that are top-ranked in science and math have in common?
o They are all in Asia.
o They recruit top teachers.
o They spend more money per student.
o They use cutting-edge technology in classrooms.
72. Informal education _________________.
o describes when students teach their peers
o refers to the learning of cultural norms
o only takes place at home
o relies on a planned instructional process
73. Which of the following is not a manifest function of education?
o Cultural innovation
o Courtship
o Social placement
o Socialization
74. Because she plans on achieving success in marketing, Tammie is taking courses on managing socialmedia. This is an example of ________.
o cultural innovation
o social control
o social placement
o socialization
75. Which theory of education focuses on the ways in which education maintains the status quo?
o Conflict theory
o Feminist theory
o Functionalist theory
o Symbolic interactionism
76. Which theory of education focuses on the labels acquired through the educational process?
o Conflict theory
o Feminist theory
o Functionalist theory
o Symbolic interactionism
77. Functionalist theory sees education as serving the needs of _________.
o families
o society
o the individual
o all of the above
78. What term describes the separation of students based on merit?
o Cultural transmission
o Social control
o Sorting
o Hidden curriculum
79. Conflict theorists see sorting as a way to ________.
o challenge gifted students
o perpetuate divisions of socioeconomic status
o help students who need additional support
o teach respect for authority
80. Conflict theorists see IQ tests as being biased. Why?
o They are scored in a way that is subject to human error.
o They do not give children with learning disabilities a fair chance to demonstrate their trueintelligence.
o They don’t involve enough test items to cover multiple intelligences.
o They reward affluent students with questions that assume knowledge associated with upperclass culture.
81. Which statement best expresses the difference between power and authority?
o Authority involves intimidation.
o Authority is more subtle than power.
o Authority is based on the perceived legitimacy of the individual in power.
o Authority is inherited, but power is seized by military force.
82. Which of the following types of authority does not reside primarily in a leader?
o Dictatorial
o Traditional
o Charismatic
o Legal-rational
83. In the U.S. Senate, it is customary to assign each senator a seniority ranking based on years ofgovernment service and the population of the state he or she represents. A top ranking gives the senatorpriority for assignments to office space, committee chair positions, and seating on the senate floor.What type of authority does this example best illustrate?
o Dictatorial
o Traditional
o Charismatic
o Legal-rational
84. Which current world figure has the least amount of political power?
o President Barack Obama
o Queen Elizabeth II
o British Prime Minister David Cameron
o North Korean leader Kim Jong-Un
85. Which statement best expresses why there have been so few charismatic female leaders throughouthistory?
o Women have different leadership styles than men.
o Women are not interested in leading at all.
o Few women have had the opportunity to hold leadership roles over the course of history.
o Male historians have refused to acknowledge the contributions of femaleleaders in theirrecords.
86. Many constitutional monarchies started out as:
o oligarchies
o absolute monarchies
o dictatorships
o democracies
87. Which nation is an absolute monarchy?
o Oman
o Great Britain
o Denmark
o Australia
88. Which of the following present and former government leaders is generally considered a dictator?
o David Cameron
o Barack Obama
o Qaboos bin Said Al Said
o Kim Jong-Un
89. A(n) _________________ is an extremely oppressive government that seeks to control all aspectsof its citizens ’ lives.
o oligarchy
o totalitarian dictatorship
o anarchy
o absolute monarchy
90. Which is not a characteristic of a democracy?
o People vote to elect officials.
o A king or queen holds the majority of governmental control.
o One goal of this type of government is to protect citizens’ basic rights.
o A constitution typically outlines the foundational ideas of how this government shouldoperate.
91. Which statement best expresses why the United States is not a “ true ” democracy?
o Many politicians are corrupt.
o Special-interest groups fund political campaigns.
o Citizens elect representatives who vote on their behalf to make policy.
o Ancient Greece was the only true democracy.
92. Which concept corresponds best to functionalism?
o Happiness
o Interdependence
o Revolution
o Symbolism
93. Karl Marx believed social structures evolve out of:
o supply and demand
o enlightenment
o competition
o cooperation
94. The Arab Spring and Occupy Wall Street protests have the following incommon:
o They sought to destroy central government.
o They are examples of conflict theory in action.
o They can only occur in a representative democracy.
o They used violence as the means of achieving their goals.
95. Which of the following paradigms would consider movements such as Occupy Wall Streetundesirable and unnecessarily forcing social change?
o Symbolic interactionism
o Functionalism
o Feminism
o Conflict theory
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